This article concerns the increasing complexity and variability of the business environment and the challenges
faced by enterprises that operate within supply chains to properly identify and anticipate disruptions and adequately respond to them (i.e., the ability to resist and rebuild). This article aims to identify and evaluate the
importance of the main factors that determine supply chains’ adaptability in the modern economy. A review of
the literature on the subject, and the results of a survey conducted in the third quarter of 2022 among entities
from the transport forwarding logistics (TFL) industry, diagnose the determinants of the adaptability of supply
chains that operate when there are disruptions. They indicate the challenges faced by TFL companies that result
from the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and the directions of changes that result from them, both
from the short-term and strategic perspectives. The relationships between the development of adaptability of
supply chains and the increase in the competitiveness of entities enable us to verify the research hypothesis that,
in the face of increasing disruptions and uncertainty in the business environment, strengthens the adaptability of
supply chains producing a great potential in terms of maintaining the competitiveness of enterprises in the TFL
industry. To gain and maintain a long-term competitive advantage, companies should strive to create a resilient
supply chain that can withstand challenges and disruptions.