The Oder Waterway is the only waterway in Poland suitable for transport. It interconnects and integrates major industrial agglomerations in Poland. OWWmay constitute an important link in a transport corridor providing the shortest connection between the Scandinavian countries and the Balkans. Its transport function gains much in importance in the light of the EU transport policy. Currently, because of years of neglect, OWW cannot be fully used as a shipping route. The realization of the Program for the Oder 2006 will significantly improve the navigation conditions on the Oder but it will not lead to full integration of this waterway with Europe's system of waterways. The effectiveness of transport on the Oder can be substantially improved by building a new generation of push trains adapted to operation on shallow waters.