The main threat for the environment caused by land transport is pollution in the form of carbon dioxide and toxic compounds in exhaust gases, and also by noise and vibrations. Besides widely applied passive security measuares, at present the main security measuares are focused on active elements, which lead to a deifinite reduction of causes of these treats.
Activites thus directed lead to reduced energy consumption and applying new kinds of propulsion which in a large degree lower the negative effect on the environment, like: applying new fuel cells, high-efficiency gas turbines (ceramic blades), or feeding classical diesel engines with hydrogen.
An essential actibity trend is the application of hybrid propulsion with recovery of energy from the braking process.