ISSN 1733-8670 (Printed)
ISSN 2392-0378 (Online)
DOI PREFIX 10.17402
The Scientific Journals (SJ) issued by the Maritime University of Szczecin (MUS) is a magazine which presents results of MUS research and educational activities. SJ has been published since 1973 but in 2004 it changed the ISSN from 0209-2069 to 1733-8670 as a result of MUS changing its name from Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie to Akademia Morska w Szczecinie.
At the beginning there were several papers published in SJ and they were connected with maritime affairs. Doctoral and habilitation theses had also been published then. With time the SJ scope expanded to among others nautical issues, operation of the vessel, marine power plant operation. The magazine presented also symposium and conference proceedings.
Since 2008, the magazine has been published in A4 format with a new layout. Since 2010 the journal has been publishing the articles in English. By the end of 2014 a total of 112 Scientific Journals will have been published.
The SJ Scientific Board ensures high quality of published papers. All papers are reviewed confidentially and anonymously (double blind review) and are a subject of scientific edition.
The Scientific Journals printed version is primary.
Kacprzak, Paweł
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The current stability assessment model within the context of weather criteria has remained unchanged since
2008. The loading of bulk carriers in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, due to its specific nature, requires a detailed
assessment that includes the impact of irregular waving during loading operations. Based on short-term predictions of roll motion during bulk carrier loading simulation, a stability evaluation is conducted according to
the standards outlined in the IS Code and by utilizing a modified weather criterion, where the author took into
account variable wave height and wave period. As a result, it was found that non-compliance with the existing
weather criterion under specific operational weather conditions is not observed. The modified weather criterion
illustrates the range of waves in which the b/a ratio increases and decreases, thereby indicating unfavorable
wave periods. The current model of the weather criterion (IS Code) for bulk carriers loaded in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone while in a dead ship condition is deemed sufficient.
Helbrych, Paweł
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This study investigates the effects of adding monofilament polypropylene fibers to concrete, focusing on its
compressive and flexural strength. Results show that fiber doses up to 3.0 kg/m3
improve compressive strength
by 10‒15% and flexural strength by 12‒20%. However, higher doses reduce mechanical properties due to
uneven fiber distribution and lower mix workability. Using polypropylene fibers reduces the need for steel
reinforcement, lowering the carbon footprint. This fiber-enhanced concrete is suitable for infrastructure applications, such as port quays, where durability and reduced maintenance are critical. Additionally, it offers cost
benefits in projects without high dynamic load requirements.
Brzeziński, Łukasz; Koliński, Adam
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The future of sustainable solutions in freight transport is crucial for ecology and sustainability. As cities become
increasingly more crowded, it is necessary to look for innovative transport methods that reduce emissions and
are more energy efficient. The implementation of new technologies, such as intelligent transport management
systems and intermodal solutions, allows for the optimization of freight transport and the reduction of emissions. Social involvement and promoting awareness of sustainable transport are essential for city residents to
support green initiatives. Cooperation between the public and private sectors, investments in modern infrastructure, and support for scientific research are crucial to overcome barriers, such as the costs of implementing new
technologies, financial constraints, and problems related to outdated infrastructure. Care for the environment
and economic sustainability are foundations that must be taken into account when planning future transport
solutions. The introduction of alternative energy sources and the modernization of railway infrastructure are
priorities that can significantly improve the efficiency and capacity of freight logistics. The aim of this study
is to analyze the possibilities of developing ecological and sustainable freight transport in cities. This study
engaged 53 experts with experience in low-emission green technologies to examine the factors influencing
the development of sustainable solutions in freight transport. The results of the analysis emphasize the importance of social involvement, economic sustainability, care for the environment, administrative efficiency,
and solid infrastructure. Initiatives related to the circular economy and pollution prevention have proven to
be important. However, numerous barriers are encountered, such as gaps in public awareness, economic challenges, environmental problems, administrative difficulties, and outdated infrastructure. The key technologies
indicated by experts are intelligent transport management systems and intermodal transport. Priority investments concern alternative energy sources and the modernization of railway infrastructure, which are necessary
to improve the efficiency and capacity of freight logistics. This study highlights the multifaceted challenges
and opportunities in eco-logistics, pointing to the need for collaboration and strategic investment in sustainable
transport solutions.
Hącia, Ewa; Łapko, Aleksandra
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This study discusses the results of research into changes in the tourist traffic in port cities, which may pose challenges to the planning of city logistics. The analysis draws on the statistical data on tourism. The study sample
includes four cities located in Poland’s two coastal areas at the Baltic Sea: Szczecin and Świnoujście (West
Pomeranian region), and Gdańsk and Gdynia (Pomeranian region). Covering the years 1995–2022, the analysis
has been complemented with a review of the literature on the role of city logistics in solving problems caused
by the development of tourism. The rapid growth of tourism generates an increased flow of people, goods,
and information, which may be detrimental to the smooth functioning of a city. Insights into the development
of tourist traffic over the years may facilitate the planning of city logistics and reconcile the function of a tourist
destination with that of a port, which the cities have to perform. It may also support efforts that aim to ensure
the sustainable development of port cities.
Lis, Anna
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Due to necessity, people spend most of their lives in enclosed spaces. This creates the need to shape the indoor
environment so as to form a state of satisfaction with their surrounding conditions. When shaping or assessing
the quality of the indoor environment in buildings, we should primarily focus on its impact on the quality of life
of users. Study and work environments are particularly important because attention needs to be paid to, among
others, the significant relationship between the inappropriate quality of this environment and psychomotor
skills, academic results, work efficiency, or increasing sickness absence and the associated high economic cost
of these factors. This article presents the results of research on the condition of the study and work environment.
It determines the factors influencing the shaping of indoor environmental conditions and presents the impact
of the indoor environment on the quality of the people working there. The relationship between the basic
parameters of the indoor microclimate and the level of satisfaction with the environmental conditions and its
impact on the comfort of study and work is examined. Attention is paid to the impact of green solutions in buildings in order to improve the quality of life and efficiency in study areas and workplaces.
Jagusiak-Kocik, Marta
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The aim of this work is to assess the possibility of using the IPA method to examine the quality of entertainment
services. The increasingly popular children’s playrooms are chosen as the service. A survey was conducted
among parents visiting playrooms with their children, which included, in addition to a short description, a question regarding the assessment of 12 attributes that may affect the level of satisfaction with the selected service.
Respondents were asked to rate these attributes on a scale from 1 to 5 in terms of two criteria. The first one is
the importance of a given attribute; the second criterion concerns the assessment of the degree of performance
of a given attribute. These activities made it possible to divide the attributes into a matrix, which distinguishes
important and well-rated attributes, important but worse-rated attributes, less important and poorly rated attributes, and less important and well-rated attributes. Thanks to the IPA method, information is obtained about
what is important to the respondents within entertainment facilities such as children’s playrooms and to what
extent it meets their expectations, and the matrix form enables the identification of those attributes that require
improvement. The obtained results may be useful in improving such facilities and enhancing their safety
Zając, Jacek; Dubisz, Damian; Koliński, Adam
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The efficient use of transportation resources is the foundation of the management concept behind sustainable
supply chains. The complexity of distribution supply chains requires the implementation of appropriate decision-making steps during modeling. This is due to the number of supply chain participants, the diversity
of processes, and their flow. Thus, an appropriate way to assess the variety of control parameters that define
the functionality of participants within sustainable supply chains is required. An extended multi-criteria analysis provides an opportunity to support the decision process of selecting appropriate supply chain elements,
based on a scoring system that defines the relevance of the parameters. The developed method of multi-criteria
evaluation of the attractiveness of carrier offers can be applied to urban logistics conditions. Due to limited access to data on carrier offers and their range of services under urban conditions, it seems appropriate to translate
the experiences and conclusions from the consolidation of deliveries and the sharing of long-distance routes
into urban transportation logistics. The effectiveness of the selection of supply-chain road-transportation service providers has been the subject of a comparative analysis of the types and parameters of the process within
the research. The principles of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach are considered, including
identification of the process, determination of process requirements, establishment of objectives, consideration
of alternative solutions, and identification of the operational framework. The variant approach proposed within
this study allows us to verify the impact of road transportation conditions on overall efficiency. The performed
analysis enables a choice between full truckload (FTL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) types of road transport.
The results of this study support the decision-making process in the selection of road transport service providers. Conclusions are valuable also from the organization of city transportation models, as the logic behind
efficiency assessment is comparable in both operational environments. A formulated set of recommendations
can be implemented within the organization with a focus on optimizing the use of road transport solutions.
Falkowski-Gilski, Przemysław; Uhl, Tadeus; Divakarachari, Parameshachari Bidere
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Recently, many researchers have been intensively conducting quality of service (QoS), quality of experience
(QoE), and user experience (UX) studies in the field of video analysis. This paper is intended to make a new,
complementary contribution to this field. Currently, streaming platforms are key products in relation to delivering video content online. Most often, they include the MP4 video format, which is most widely utilized among
audio-visual codecs. This study involves a group of 38 individuals, aged between 21–35 years old, in a laboratory consisting of 20 iMacs with 4K retina display. The presented signal sequences included content sourced
from the Netflix Chimera repository, with 8- and 10-bit depth, available in different resolutions of 270p, 432p,
720p, and 1080p. Tests included a subjective quality evaluation in a 5-step mean opinion score (MOS) scale,
focused on the UX aspect. According to the obtained results, content with the lowest and highest resolutions is
optimal in 8-bit depth, while movies with intermediate resolutions are better in 10-bit depth. For 8-bit content,
the main problem is pixelation, whereas, in the case of 10-bit samples, the main issue is color noise, particularly
in the case of the lowest resolution. Many viewers indicated that 10-bit encoding offered lower quality. Moreover, 8-bit movies caused a lower quality of the gradient, presumably due to the smaller range of the available
color. However, 8-bit movies in the same situation generate visible stripes on static images in the background,
causing a lower quality of the gradient, which is probably due to the smaller range of available colors. The results of the performed experiments may be of particular interest to content creators and distributors, particularly
network and cable operators, as well as wireless and wired providers
Korban, Dmytro
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The purpose of this research is to develop and analyze certain technical solutions on the composition of elements and devices of the ship radar polarization complex (SRPC), increasing its functional capabilities in complex conditions of the atmospheric environment. This paper substantiates the methodology of SRPC construction, which includes a six-channel waveguide polarization splitter. The methodology of this research is aimed
at solving the issues relating to the development of the main high-frequency nodes of the considered splitter
and the mathematical description of the relations between the field components in the splitter. The structure
of the SRPC construction defines the nature of connections and relations between the elements of the functional scheme as a whole, and the rearrangement of the structure includes methods that characterize the change
in the composition and functional interaction of its parts depending on the performance of the task of polarization selection of echo-signals of the navigation object located in complex atmospheric conditions on the ship’s
route. Elements included in the SRPC and devices of the all-polarized antenna allow for radiating electromagnetic waves of linear and circular polarizations, as well as unpolarized waves, to analyze polarization
parameters of echo signals of complex objects to solve problems of polarization selection of navigation objects
located in the zone of dangerous atmospheric formations. A six-channel polarization splitter in the waveguide
channel of the SRPC antenna splits the polarized components of the analyzed partially polarized wave arriving
at the input of the all-polarized antenna into six channels to ensure the symmetry of its two orthogonally polarized components. The two-channel linear receiver amplifies and transforms orthogonal components of the electromagnetic wave echo signal for each polarization of the radiated wave and forms energetic actual Stokes
parameters that allow for solving problems of polarization selection of navigation objects located in complex
atmospheric conditions along the ship’s trajectory. Polarization selection provides the formation and consistent
radiation of constant power electromagnetic waves of four polarizations (three linear and one circular), as well
as an unpolarized wave. As a result of the research performed on the development of a six-channel waveguide
polarization splitter, the problem of increasing the efficiency of ship radar stations functioning with the use
of methods of polarization selection of navigation objects and improvement of radar equipment is solved.
Kauf, Sabina
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The purpose of the article is to introduce the discourse around advanced technologies that can make a city
a well-being city while also creating a surveillance city, an issue that is becoming important to smart city
researchers. Researchers seek to answer the question: where is the line between well-being and surveillance?
To answer this question, the article will explore Jeremy Bentham’s and Michel Foucault’s positions on panoptic
thought, as well as Bentham’s principle of greatest happiness and Janusz Czapinski’s onion theory of happiness.
Siwiec, Dominika; Pacana, Andrzej
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
A market economy requires continuous improvement of products. The classic case is striving to meet customer
expectations, i.e., ensuring product quality. However, in terms of sustainable development, it is also necessary
to take actions that contribute to the protection of the natural environment and ensure a positive social impact.
It is still a challenge. Therefore, the aim of the article is to develop a model for product improvement by considering the criteria of quality, environment, and social impact. The developed model is an original decision
indicator, according to which prototypes of modified products are ranked according to their fulfillment of (i)
expected quality, (ii) low environmental impact in the life cycle (LCA), and (iii) social responsibility. Based
on the results of the model and the proposed decision indicator, it is possible to determine the direction of improvement of any product by assessing prototypes (product variants) in terms of their sustainable development.
The model test is carried out for photovoltaic (PV) panels, popular in recent years, verified according to six
prototypes and 15 sustainability criteria regarding their quality, environmental impact, and social responsibility.
The test confirmed its effectiveness in the case of photovoltaic panels, but the proposed model can be successfully used to design or improve other products. This is supported by a developed original decision indicator
supporting the making of multicriteria quality, environmental, and social decisions at the stage of designing
new products or improving existing products.
Durlik, Irmina; Miller, Tymoteusz; Kostecka, Ewelina; Pusty, Tomasz; Łobodzińska, Adrianna
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Urban centers, replete with diverse amenities and opportunities, simultaneously grapple with the challenges
brought on by rapid urbanization, notably in the realms of transport and logistics. A pivotal move towards energy-efficient and sustainable systems is essential to mitigate these challenges. In this landscape, machine learning
(ML), and particularly recurrent neural networks (RNNs), emerge as powerful tools for effectively addressing
these urban complexities. This comprehensive review zeroes in on the deployment of RNNs within sustainable
urban transportation and logistics, highlighting their adeptness in processing sequential data, a critical component in various forecasting and optimization tasks. We commence with a foundational understanding of RNNs,
segueing into their successful applications in urban transport and logistics. This review also critically examines
the constraints of current methodologies and potential avenues for enhancement. We scrutinize the application
of RNNs across several areas, encompassing the energy shift in both passenger and freight transport, logistics
management, integration of low- and zero-emission vehicles, and the energy dynamics of transport and logistics. Additionally, the role of RNNs in traffic and infrastructure planning is explored, particularly in forecasting
traffic flow, congestion patterns, and optimizing energy usage. The crux of this review is to amalgamate and
present the existing knowledge on the instrumental role of RNNs in facilitating the transition to energy-efficient
urban transportation and logistics. Our goal is to highlight effective strategies, pinpoint challenges, and map out
avenues for future research in this domain.