ISSN 1733-8670 (Printed)
ISSN 2392-0378 (Online)
DOI PREFIX 10.17402
The Scientific Journals (SJ) issued by the Maritime University of Szczecin (MUS) is a magazine which presents results of MUS research and educational activities. SJ has been published since 1973 but in 2004 it changed the ISSN from 0209-2069 to 1733-8670 as a result of MUS changing its name from Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie to Akademia Morska w Szczecinie.
At the beginning there were several papers published in SJ and they were connected with maritime affairs. Doctoral and habilitation theses had also been published then. With time the SJ scope expanded to among others nautical issues, operation of the vessel, marine power plant operation. The magazine presented also symposium and conference proceedings.
Since 2008, the magazine has been published in A4 format with a new layout. Since 2010 the journal has been publishing the articles in English. By the end of 2014 a total of 112 Scientific Journals will have been published.
The SJ Scientific Board ensures high quality of published papers. All papers are reviewed confidentially and anonymously (double blind review) and are a subject of scientific edition.
The Scientific Journals printed version is primary.
Sobczuk, Sebastian; Borucka, Anna
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the global economy and disrupted daily
life across many regions of the world. Restrictions imposed at the time, such as the closure of national borders
and restrictions on mobility, led to unprecedented challenges for the transportation sector and related tourism
services compared with any prior crisis. This disruption also affected maritime passenger transport in Poland.
This article aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on passenger traffic in Polish seaports and
to develop mathematical models that could support management in the event of future epidemic threats. Three
different models are proposed, which showed that the epidemic crisis resulted in a significant decline in passenger traffic at Polish seaports. The most accurate proved to be the SARIMA model. The Holt-Winters model also
demonstrated high fitting and predictive performance. In turn, the STL model offered intriguing insights with
its time series decomposition, enabling a detailed analysis of individual components. A comparative analysis
of the proposed models confirms their usefulness in forecasting passenger traffic in seaports in the face of disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These models can be an effective decision-support tool, helping to
reduce the negative effects of future epidemic threats.
Scurtu, Ionut-Cristian; Popa, Catalin; Popa, Florentin-Daniel
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Seakeeping capabilities represent a crucial aspect of marine hydrodynamics research. Calculating the movements, amplitudes, and accelerations of the ships offers valuable support for assessing and forecasting their
safety and security parameters while the ships are in use. While experimental data on ship movements in consistent wave patterns are considered reliable, they also come with high impacting costs. This research is particularly designed to estimate the seakeeping performance by assessing the hydrodynamic response of a 192-meter-long container ship vessel in both regular and irregular waves. The present computational study is focused
on predicting the six degrees of freedom responses for a ship at zero speed for different heading angles. Using
the panel method within Maxsurf Motions software, RAOs for all degrees of freedom are obtained. In irregular
sea simulations, the ITTC spectrum is employed.
Abuelenin, Ahmed Hany M.
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The marine insurance contract primarily aims at providing security for the performance of the commercial activity of transporting goods. This contract has a special nature that aims to indemnify the insured against losses
to the marine adventure. Marine insurance contract disputes, like several other types of disputes, are determined
by various resolution procedures, either in the courts or through alternative methods such as arbitration, negotiation, and mediation. This characteristic influences the choice of the substantive and procedural rules that
will apply to resolve possible conflicts between the parties. If disputes do arise, peaceful and quick resolution
is in the interest of everyone involved. Commercial parties usually insert in marine insurance contracts the
choice of court and applicable law clauses that determine a timely resolution of disputes. The choice of dispute
resolution method is therefore critical. In this paper, we discuss modern, quick, and effective resolutions to ensure that the disputes arising from a marine insurance contract are resolved at the lowest cost. We also analyze
several cases.
Strzelczyk, Adriana; Guze, Sambor
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This article addresses the optimal choice of transport mode for a specific transport task. Knowing each branch’s
limitations, strengths, and weaknesses facilitates decision-making when identifying them for use in a given
situation. This is of particular importance when transporting oversized loads and heavy pieces. Therefore, this
article aims to propose a new model of the game with nature based on SWOT analyses for transport systems
selection for oversized and heavy loads. Firstly, for this solution, it is necessary to define measures for each
of the four elements of a SWOT analysis (i.e., strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). Secondly,
these four elements are the states of nature in a defined game with nature. Here, the transport mode builds the
scenarios that are possible to select. The SWOT analysis determines the strategic position, market attractiveness
(MA), and market position (MP) of transport modes. Next, applying very well-known decision-making criteria
in the theory of games with nature makes it possible to create appropriate decision-making models for transport
mode selection. The application of the method is shown in the example of selecting the most competitive modes
of transport for oversized loads.
Wysocki, Jan
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Composite materials based on aluminum alloys are widely used in the automotive, aviation, and shipbuilding industries. The presence of the ceramic reinforcing phase significantly changes the mechanical properties
of aluminum alloys. By appropriate selection of the components that make up the composite materials, it is possible to create mechanical properties that are not possible with unreinforced alloys. Structural elements made
of these types of materials often require joining in welding processes. This article presents a general description
of methods of joining composites based on aluminum alloys reinforced with ceramic particles, which have been
divided into three groups: fusion welding method, solid state welding, and different methods. The individual
methods highlighted how the presence of a reinforcing phase affects the welding process. Difficulties mainly
arise from the disintegration of the ceramic phase by the concentrated heat source during welding processes, the
formation of harmful surface products, and the lack of wettability of the ceramic particles through the metal matrix. The joints obtained vary in terms of structure, ceramic particle distribution, and mechanical properties with
respect to the values characterizing the native material. From an analysis of the individual methods, it appears
that solid-phase methods have the smallest effect on the degradation of ceramic particles, but have limitations
in terms of the shape and size of the materials to be joined. In fusion welding methods, the degradation of the
reinforcement phase by the concentrate heat source is greatest. To a certain extent, this can be compensated for
by the choice of an additive material, which consists of elements that improve the wettability of the reinforcement phase through the metal matrix and form strengthening separations.
Bojanowska, Milena; Konicki, Wojciech
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
Rapeseed meal (RSM), mainly used as a protein-rich component of animal feed, is susceptible to quality degradation under the influence of high relative humidity and ambient air temperature. The aim of this study was to
present empirical data and water vapour sorption isotherms for rapeseed meal at various ambient air conditions.
The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) of RSM at two temperature levels (25 °C/40 °C), a wide range
of water activities (0.3‒0.9) and two sorption pathways (adsorption /desorption) were determined, using a static
gravimetric method. Mathematical equations were applied to analyse the experimental data, of which the modified GAB and modified Halsey were found to be the best fitting models, with correlation coefficients ranging
from 0.983 to 0.998. It was observed that the EMC of RSM decreased with increasing temperature, but this
effect was not statistically significant at water activities above 0.6. The hysteresis was statistically significant
in the region of water activities from 0.3 to 0.6, but the greatest differences between moisture bound by attachment and evaporation mechanisms were revealed at the lower values of this range. The area of the hysteresis
loop was smaller for the isotherms plotted at higher temperature. It was concluded that a moisture content up
to 10.5% would be appropriate for short-term handling of RSM during trading, whereas for long-term storage
at temperatures of 20 °C or below, a moisture content between 5.5% and 8.5% wet basis should be maintained.
The results presented in this study may be applicable to the design of technological and storage parameters,
necessary to ensure the microbiological and chemical stability of RSM during handling in international trade.
Sosik, Katarzyna; Osypchuk, Oleksandra
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the introduction of public health measures, contributing to changes in urban,
metropolitan, and intercity mobility. Previous studies indicate that, during the spread of the pandemic,
changes were observed in the intensity of road traffic, road incidents, and changes in the purpose, method, and
number of trips by society. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions implemented related
to it, including restrictions related to the movement of people, has been analyzed in many articles. However,
the topic is still relevant due to the fact that many transport operators are still struggling with the effects
of the pandemic and it is an important aspect in the era of promoting sustainable forms of movement in cities.
The primary objective of this article is to assess the public perception of the causes and state of safety during
the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives include identifying factors affecting the level
of safety in road traffic for individual users and their hierarchy. In the adopted research methodology, the use
of a survey questionnaire enables the identification of factors influencing the perception of dangerous situations
in road traffic by their participants. The study was conducted in Szczecin (a city located in the northwestern part
of Poland) and neighboring communes. The results of this study can be used by decision-makers and people
involved in ensuring road safety to develop pragmatic and effective preventive measures to ensure the safety
of road users.
Wagner, Natalia; Trot, Oliwia
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
One of the challenges in today’s business environment is adequate human resources management while implementing
new technologies in the work process. The implementation of changes does not always go smoothly.
This study aims to test whether gaining more knowledge about new technologies in logistics by employees
can lead them to change their attitude toward using such solutions in their workplace. An experimental method
is used, which is applied in a natural working environment. The experiment introduced a change in the form
of increased employees’ knowledge resources about selected technologies. The employees gained new knowledge
when training on this topic. To assess whether the new knowledge contributed to a change in employees’
attitudes, it is necessary to test their attitudes toward new technologies before and after the training. The results
confirmed that the training had a positive effect, and the employees are more convinced that automation is
the right direction for the further development of the company. The experiment can, therefore, be considered
successful. Support for automation increased among the group of participants despite greater awareness that it
may mean the need for them to acquire new skills. Three types of employee attitudes toward new technologies
are identified – supportive, neutral, and inhibitory. For each of them, managerial implications are presented.
Walichnowska, Patrycja; Mazur, Magdalena; Idzikowski, Adam
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This paper examines the current state and prospects of wind energy development in Poland, focusing on both
onshore and offshore projects. The analysis highlights key regulatory frameworks, technological advancements,
and the environmental benefits of integrating wind energy into the Polish energy mix. Legal and administrative barriers that affect the timeliness of project implementation and investment attractiveness are described.
Additionally, the paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing the carbon footprint of an industrial process powered by wind energy versus energy from Poland’s conventional mix. The findings emphasize
the significant potential of wind energy when contributing to Poland’s energy transition, reducing greenhouse
gas emissions, and supporting sustainable industrial practices. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of wind energy in achieving national and EU climate goals while identifying critical areas
for policy and infrastructure improvements.
Depczyński, Radosław
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
The manufacturing sector plays a pivotal role in global economic growth and improving living standards.
However, it faces significant challenges related to environmental degradation and resource depletion due to traditional manufacturing processes. This paper aims to explore the optimization of production processes within
the context of sustainable development, focusing on energy intensity, labor intensity, and ergonomics. Through
a systematic literature review, the author analyzes various multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods
applicable to manufacturing, assessing their effectiveness in addressing sustainability challenges. This research
reveals that the MCDM approaches can effectively balance the interrelated aspects of energy consumption,
labor management, and ergonomic design, leading to enhanced production efficiency and reduced environmental impact. The author hypothesizes that the integration of the MCDM methods will result in improved
decision-making processes that foster sustainability in the manufacturing industry. The findings of this study
contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable manufacturing practices and provide a foundational framework for future research in this area.
Jasionowski, Robert; Kostrzewa, Waldemar
(Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie,
)
This work is devoted to determining the effect of mesh density and mesh type on cavitation cloud volume generated during the flow of water through the cavitation tunnel. The numerical analysis was carried out on a water
model based on a cavitation tunnel located at the Institute of Water Problems of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia, used to test the resistance of construction materials to cavitation erosion. A numerical analysis
is performed for four different types of grids: polyhedra, poly-hexcore, hexcore, and tetrahedral. These grids
have five different maximum cell sizes: 0.0025, 0.0020, 0.0015, 0.0010, and 0.0005 m. A numerical analysis
is performed using commercial CFD software ‒ i.e., Ansys Fluent 2023 R1. The Schnerr and Sauer cavitation
model and the k-omega viscous model for shear stress transport (SST) are used. This paper analyzes the qualitative parameters of the quality of the grid, distribution of velocity, pressure, average cell volume, and volume
of cavitation cloud consisting of 90% volume vapor fraction. Based on the numerical analyses, it is shown that
the basis for obtaining accurate results of the CFD simulations is not only the qualitative parameters of the grid
but also its density.