Seakeeping constitutes a fundamental component of marine engineering, which significantly affects the safety, comfort, and operational efficacy of maritime vessels. This paper presents an exhaustive examination of the seakeeping attributes associated with three categories of multihull vessels: trimarans, catamarans, and small waterplane area twin hull (SAWTH) vessels. The investigation delves into the distinctive design merits of these vessels, which include improved stability, velocity, and adaptability, rendering them appropriate for a variety of maritime uses. Through a meticulous evaluation of motion responses such as heave, pitch, and roll, this work elucidates the hydrodynamic performance of each vessel category under varying sea states. Sophisticated computational techniques, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), boundary element method (BEM), and hybrid numerical methodologies, are utilized to enhance hull configurations and augment seakeeping capabilities. By integrating insights from a multitude of studies, this review emphasizes the increasing significance of multihull vessels in contemporary maritime operations and offers crucial perspectives for prospective research and design refinement.

Photovoltaic (PV) fires are very rare but when they do occur the consequences can be serious for facilities and first responders, especially in the event of a fire on a ship or a yacht. The causes of fires mainly relate to the electrical installation (e.g., poorly designed systems, incorrectly installed equipment, faulty connections, defective products, overvoltage, and voltage surges) but also to defects and damage of the panels themselves (such as scratches, microcracks, etc.). Thermography is a useful method for quickly detecting local temperature increases, which may indicate incorrect operation of the electrical installation and panel, resulting from their incorrect configuration, faults, or damage. Local increases in temperature (hot spots) may increase the risk of fire. The laboratory tests carried out on the photovoltaic system allowed for the illustration of the temperature distribution of the PV panel, electricity receiver, and electrical connections in real conditions.

The maritime shipping sector, responsible for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, faces significant regulatory, infrastructural, and economic barriers in its transition toward decarbonization. This study employs a multiple case analysis of the European Union’s emissions trading system, China’s green shipping corridors, and Maersk’s adoption of alternative fuels to examine the challenges of regulatory fragmentation, high costs, and inadequate infrastructure. Findings reveal that policy misalignment, insufficient investment in alternative fuel supply chains, and stakeholder disengagement hinder the industry’s green transition. This study advocates for a globally harmonized regulatory framework, strategic investments in alternative fuel infrastructure, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. By proposing innovative strategies, such as public-private partnerships and digital compliance mechanisms, this research provides a roadmap for overcoming these barriers and accelerating the adoption of sustainable maritime practices. The insights contribute to global efforts to meet the International Maritime Organization’s 2050 decarbonization targets.

In the present study, commercial activated carbon (CWZ-14) is tested for the removal of the anionic azodye Direct Red 23 (DR23) from aqueous solutions. The effect of parameters such as initial dye concentration (10‒50 mg/L), pH (3.4‒11.4), and temperature (20‒60 °C) on the adsorption process is studied. The structure and morphology of the commercial activated carbon, as the quality attributes of the adsorbents, are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). To understand the adsorption behavior of DR23 onto CWZ-14, the experimental kinetic data are analyzed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetics of the adsorption of the dye followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The isotherms of adsorption data are analyzed via the Langmuir and the Freundlich models. It is observed that the experimental data effectively fits the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm, qm, is 104.2 mg/g. The experimental findings showed that the adsorption is a pH-dependent process, with the maximum adsorption capacity occurring at a pH of 7. Thermodynamic parameters, such as changes in standard free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°), are also evaluated. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and a physisorption process.

With the advancements in mobile navigation, and thanks to the availability of portable devices, it is possible to calculate the trace and continuously monitor a user’s position. Due to widespread access to smartphones, any person can easily check their location, regardless of where they are at a given moment. This becomes an important factor in everyday life, especially while driving a car in an urban environment or agglomeration. In addition, mobile network operators and service providers themselves use location-based information to monitor and improve the quality of their services. This paper presents the results of a measurement campaign, which was carried out using Android-powered smartphones. The analysis includes four devices, originating from different manufacturers, with varying technical specifications, particularly supporting global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). The data were gathered while driving a car in various surroundings, including natural as well as manmade objects. The outcomes of the performed experiments may be of particular interest to both scientists and practitioners who rely on navigation systems and services on a daily basis.

This paper presents the results of experimental tests on coating systems for military applications. The evaluation of properties is performed based on measurements of thickness, gloss, hardness, and surface roughness. The spectral characteristics of the tested systems and color parameters are presented. The tests are conducted for two-layer masking coating systems made in three variants: coating system (SP1), coating system modified with carbon nanotubes (SP2), and coating system modified with glass microspheres (SP3). Analysis of the obtained results reveals that these coating systems exhibit similar thickness, gloss, and spectral characteristics. The SP2 system is characterized by lower hardness, while the SP2 and SP3 systems have higher roughness.

The 5S method is a fundamental tool that enables the efficient organization of the workplace. This method can be applied both to individual workstations and other areas of a company’s operations. The aim of this article is to improve the production system of a company specializing in the production of baby strollers and car seats by using the 5S method as a key tool. This article presents the implementation of the 5S method in a company manufacturing baby strollers, which is based on acquired experience. A survey is conducted among employees to assess their attitude toward the application of the 5S method in the company. In the studied facility, after the proper implementation of the fourth step of the 5S method, waste is identified in the form of excessive operator movements and unnecessary downtimes at the workstation. To address this issue, the “5 whys” method is applied. Tracing the root cause, which is found to relate to the way production elements are prepared in the warehouse, enables the design and creation of an innovative solution in the form of a pre-assembly rack. The implementation of the 5S method in the studied facility resulted in a high level of workplace cleanliness.

The aim of this article is to identify and assess environmental, organizational, and technical risks associated with the maritime transport of live animals, with a particular emphasis on their impact on the quality of transport processes, animal welfare, and the occupational health and safety of ship crews. Despite the existence of European Union regulations such as Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/372, which establish minimum standards for space, ventilation, access to water, contingency planning, and port infrastructure, significant shortcomings in the organization and quality of transport persist in practice. Inadequate onboard infrastructure, failures of ventilation, feeding and watering systems, and overcrowding lead to stress, dehydration, and disease in animals, which increase the risk of injuries. At the same time, crew members are exposed to harmful factors such as toxic gases, animal waste, slippery surfaces, and extreme temperatures. Poorly organized loading and unloading procedures further escalate the risk of accidents and negatively affect the quality of service provided during transport. This article proposes quality-oriented management actions to improve transport safety and animal welfare, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, mandatory presence of animal welfare specialists on board, regular technical inspections of vessels, and systematic training for crew members.

Transport belts are one of the most important parts of the equipment designed to secure the load during transport and movement. They are used in many branches of industry, depending on their strength and resistance to environmental factors. Therefore, their strength affects not only the effectiveness of cargo protection and the limitation of cargo losses but, especially, its safety. This article presents the influence of external factors on the strength of the material from which the fastening belts are made. In the introduction, the most commonly used types of belts are described alongside their main applications. The next part of the paper focuses on research on the influence of environmental factors and the impact of the level of utilization on the strength of transport belts. For this purpose, belts free from the influence of environmental factors are compared with belts that had previously been placed in a salt chamber for 90 days. Strength tests are carried out using a testing machine. The aim of these tasks is to determine the impact of the maritime environment on the tensile strength of transport belts and, more specifically, on the breaking force. The obtained results are compiled using graphs and tables. On the basis of this data, a decrease in strength parameters such as the breaking force, Young’s modulus, and strain is indicated.

In the modern world, the role of women in the maritime economy is becoming increasingly important. Most women acquire jobs in the organization of sea transport, cargo handling, warehousing, accounting, insurance, and marketing, while fewer women are employed on ships as sailors. The maritime transport sector has been dominated by men for years, not only in positions related to work at sea but also in management positions. Maritime economy entities are taking action to equalize the opportunities for women in relation to employment in managerial positions. This article aims to identify and assess the role of women in the maritime economy based on the employment structure as part of equalizing career development opportunities. The research utilizes a literature review and a desk research method. A statistical procedure and a comparative analysis are also used. The research results constitute interesting cognitive material not only for sea carriers but also for organizations associated with women employed in the maritime economy

With the ongoing transformation of business to the era of Industry 5.0, related IT technologies and solutions dedicated to logistics are undergoing transformation. This article presents a workflow that will help managers choose the correct strategy and sequence for implementing solutions that help companies embark on the path to Industry 5.0. The practical implications of the results include a clear roadmap for companies implementing Industry 5.0. The proposed IT hierarchy and LSCM prioritization provide decision-makers with actionable insights for planning investments, selecting technologies, and improving resilience and efficiency. This study supports strategic decisions across sectors by highlighting the most impactful digital tools that can drive transformation, sustainability, and competitive advantage in real business environments. In the scientific context, this article presents a template combining IT technologies used in companies and logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) planes in relation to the Industry 5.0 concept. Then, using the hybrid DEMATELPROMETHEE II methodology, the characteristic parameters of these spheres are assessed and hierarchized. The results presented in this article indicate that among the areas characterizing Industry 5.0, resilience solutions should be implemented first. Among IT technologies, solutions from the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) should play the leading role and, in terms of LSCM areas, the most important solutions should cover the sphere of demand planning and forecasting.

Plastics, despite their extensive applications across various industries, represent a significant environmental threat due to their slow degradation rate. The increasing volume of polymer waste highlights the urgent need for the development and implementation of effective recycling strategies. Catalytic pyrolysis has emerged as a promising solution for the sustainable processing of plastic waste. This study investigates the production of fuels through low-temperature pyrolysis of three widely used plastic types: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). The resulting pyrolysis fuels are blended with commercial diesel in proportions of 15%, 25%, and 50% and subsequently analyzed at an accredited research facility at the Maritime Academy in Szczecin, following European fuel standards. The distillation results of the fuel mixtures suggest that the blend containing 50% pyrolysis-derived fuel can be effectively utilized in internal combustion engine vehicles.

In this paper, the authors analyze, theoretically, the dependence of the work function on temperature within the model proposed by one of the authors in his earlier works. In accordance with the introduced analytical equation, the thermal metal expansion leads directly to changes in the electron gas density and this, in turn, modifies the value of the work function in a complicated way. The numerical calculations carried out by the authors also show changes in the chemical potential of the metal, together with the changes in temperature. Knowing the dependence of the chemical potential as well as the work function of the metal on the temperature, in the next step, the authors analyze the influence of temperature on the dipole layer on the metal surface. All the calculations are applied to the example of metals for which the dependence of work function on temperature is known from experimental research. The conducted analysis is a solid theoretical justification of the results of known experimental works carried out in this field.

This article presents a decision-support system developed for optimizing workforce allocation within production processes, specifically addressing the challenge of assigning employees to individual workstations during the assembly of ship hull sections. The proposed methodology integrates discrete-event computer simulation and evolutionary optimization techniques to accommodate the inherent complexity and stochastic nature of the analyzed manufacturing tasks. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of the proposed optimization system in determining optimal workforce allocation to workstations within stochastic production models

Critical infrastructure facilities, especially those located close to urban agglomerations, can cause serious difficulties for tourists. An example of such a situation is Poland’s only sea-land LNG terminal located in one of Poland’s three seaports of strategic importance to the national economy, Świnoujście. This port is located in the center of the city, which borders Germany, and is a very popular sea resort for both compatriots and foreign tourists. On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature, a comparative analysis, and the method of inductive-deductive reasoning, the authors point out a research gap in the field of transportation problems in critical infrastructure areas. The purpose of this article is to present current transportation problems resulting from the introduction of a closed transportation zone within critical infrastructure. In this article, the authors focus on presenting the effects of the aforementioned restriction on the tourism economy. One of them is a reduction in the ability to reach important historical sites and, thus, a significant decrease in interest in these monuments. The authors, with the help of observations, interviews, and a comparative method, analyzed possible solutions to transportation problems and proposed the most favorable solution. The proposed scenarios include three modes of transportation: road, rail, and water. Currently, the only possible solution is water transport. Consequently, the authors proposed an innovative and inviting means of transport for tourists, which is electric water cabs. An analysis of the effectiveness of such boats is made, and their additional added value for the environment and the image of the city and port as nature-friendly are pointed out.