This article deals with issues relating to the evacuation of people from large passenger ships. Factors affecting the safety of passenger ships at both design and operational stage are described. The vital regulatory documents concerned with evacuation from ships are indicated. A concept of seeking an optimized evacuation plan at the design stage is presented. It aims at shortening the time of possible evacuation and at current on board planning of evacuation, taking into account inaccessibility of some escape routes

This article discusses the importance of evacuation routes from machinery spaces, and analyze their availability in the event of emergency cases, such as fire, flooding, toxic threat, terrorist attack on modern ships with spaces in the area of the engine room. It describes and provides an analysis of the course of action of escape from machinery spaces in typical cases of the actual fires on ships of the Polish and foreign flags. It identifies the main threats and reasons for causing the unavailability of escape routes, identifies factors of delay, or even prevent the evacuation of people from such spaces in the risk situation. It shows the current status of the relevant international rules and the requirements of classification societies concerning the number and structure of the main and emergency escape routes. It presents the current proposals for the revision of international rules concerning the number and structure of the escape routes from machinery spaces on ships

This article analyzes the problem of opposite flow that may occur during the evacuation of people from passenger ships. The causes of evacuation opposite flow and methods of its investigation are given. Besides, the methods of taking account of opposite flow in evacuation models are analyzed. It is proposed to search for the critical value of density depending on the number of persons moving in the opposite direction

Shortening the time of evacuation itself is affected, among other things, by the geometry of evacuation routes and their appropriate marking. At the paper interactions between people and systems of evacuation routes signing at evacuation models are described. Also human psych-physiological reactions in the conditions of dangerous situations are analyzed. Influence of evacuation direction choice and „bottle necks” for evacuation time at exampling passenger ship is presente

The short specificity of high -speed passenger craft (HSC) and analysis of factors affecting the safety of such units is presented at the article. Normative documents relating to the HSC evacuation is also described. The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the possibility of evacuation of passengers in emergency situations on HSC. This analysis was done on the example of a catamaran in accordance with regulation MSC/Circ.1166 given by IMO.

Marine accidents are rather frequent as the elimination of all hazards to human health and life is still impossible. In every case the evacuation from the ship must be taken into consideration. The layout and marking methods should be continually im-proved to increase the safety level of voyages. The paper describes evacuation routes designing and marking. This knowledge can be utilized by interior designers in choosing safety euipment and by researchers who analyse the evacuation of personnel and pas-sengers in emergency situations.

The author analyses the problems associated with people's evacuation from the ship in a emergency situation, especially passenger ships because of their arrangement and number of passengers. The state of the art connected with the influence of different parameters on people, their reactions, behaviour and evacuation process is presented. Especially the case of fire growth is taken under consideration. This konwledge could be useful for interior desingers in choosing safety furnushing, researchers who analyse the evacuation process when the fire spreafs