This paper presents considerations for maintaining the necessary distance behind the preceding vehicle in traffic. The special case of the need to exit a motorway from the left-hand lane when there is heavy traffic is analyzed and evaluated. The legislation uniquely does not address such a case. In addition, the special case of entering a motorway has been analyzed and evaluated. When operating vehicles on the roads, we are exposed to non-compliance with the rules and the resulting offences and accidents. The human factor and unreasonable and “out of life” rules contribute enormously to their occurrence. These are from the area of the active safety system in the operation of vehicles on the road. The conclusions point to the need to change the provisions in the current road traffic law and to provide training for car drivers.

This article discusses the fire hazard of motor yachts that are up to 15 meters long. These types of recreational units, in accordance with legal regulations, are not subject to safety inspections. This may lead to negligence that results in a fire within a unit. The construction material most commonly used in the construction of yachts is glass fiber-reinforced plastic, used to produce components such as the hull, deck, and superstructure of motor yachts. The yacht’s equipment, such as furniture and other components, is made, among others, of wood, wood-based materials, or plastics. The results of the flammability tests of such materials presented in this article indicate the need to minimize the risk of fire, the effects of which may be dangerous both to human health and life, as well as the environment

Today, innovation is an important factor in socioeconomic development. Based on advanced engineering and manufacturing technologies, Industry 4.0 has a significant impact on technological innovation and offers valuable opportunities. Innovation activities allow companies to achieve many benefits in the short term, such as the introduction of new products to the market, the implication of new production technologies and, in the long term, the expansion of the market, meeting the exorbitant demands of customers, increasing productivity, and reducing costs, wastage, and production time. This study focuses on the issue of enterprise innovation and, in particular, on the innovative activities of industrial enterprises. This study aims to analyze the innovative activities of industrial enterprises and to identify the conditions that are conducive to undertaking pro-innovative activities. This study presents the theoretical basis for enterprise innovativeness. Secondary data relating to the issue of innovation in the industrial area were collected and analyzed. The activities undertaken made it possible to assess the current level of innovativeness, identify trends, and propose solutions that could support and increase the intensity of innovative activities. The results of this research can be used as a starting point for further deliberations on the creation of conditions supporting an increase in the innovativeness of Polish enterprises.

Additive manufacturing technology, a relatively new and dynamically evolving field, is increasingly used in a variety of manufacturing applications. On ships operated for a long period of time, where some parts are no longer manufactured, additive technology offers a forward-looking solution for the rapid and efficient reproduction of necessary components. This paper proposes a standardized operational workflow for managing requests and orders for 3D-printed components in the maritime industry, designed to address the unique challenges faced by vessels operating in remote locations. A case study involving the reconstruction of a fastening component within the control cabinet of a ship’s safety and RPM switch unit system demonstrates the practicality of this approach. The part is successfully reproduced using a standardized workflow, which began with the collection of photographs and measurements from the ship’s crew. This data enabled the creation of a precise 3D model and the subsequent production of 180 components made from PET-G material, selected for its durability and suitability for the intended application. The standardized workflow developed in this study minimized errors, reduced processing times, and ensured that the reproduced part met operational requirements. By establishing a scalable and adaptable framework for communication between the ship’s crew, engineers, and manufacturing facilities, the workflow highlights the transformative capability of additive technologies as a practical solution for the immediate needs of modern shipping operations.

Seakeeping constitutes a fundamental component of marine engineering, which significantly affects the safety, comfort, and operational efficacy of maritime vessels. This paper presents an exhaustive examination of the seakeeping attributes associated with three categories of multihull vessels: trimarans, catamarans, and small waterplane area twin hull (SAWTH) vessels. The investigation delves into the distinctive design merits of these vessels, which include improved stability, velocity, and adaptability, rendering them appropriate for a variety of maritime uses. Through a meticulous evaluation of motion responses such as heave, pitch, and roll, this work elucidates the hydrodynamic performance of each vessel category under varying sea states. Sophisticated computational techniques, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), boundary element method (BEM), and hybrid numerical methodologies, are utilized to enhance hull configurations and augment seakeeping capabilities. By integrating insights from a multitude of studies, this review emphasizes the increasing significance of multihull vessels in contemporary maritime operations and offers crucial perspectives for prospective research and design refinement.

Photovoltaic (PV) fires are very rare but when they do occur the consequences can be serious for facilities and first responders, especially in the event of a fire on a ship or a yacht. The causes of fires mainly relate to the electrical installation (e.g., poorly designed systems, incorrectly installed equipment, faulty connections, defective products, overvoltage, and voltage surges) but also to defects and damage of the panels themselves (such as scratches, microcracks, etc.). Thermography is a useful method for quickly detecting local temperature increases, which may indicate incorrect operation of the electrical installation and panel, resulting from their incorrect configuration, faults, or damage. Local increases in temperature (hot spots) may increase the risk of fire. The laboratory tests carried out on the photovoltaic system allowed for the illustration of the temperature distribution of the PV panel, electricity receiver, and electrical connections in real conditions.

The maritime shipping sector, responsible for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, faces significant regulatory, infrastructural, and economic barriers in its transition toward decarbonization. This study employs a multiple case analysis of the European Union’s emissions trading system, China’s green shipping corridors, and Maersk’s adoption of alternative fuels to examine the challenges of regulatory fragmentation, high costs, and inadequate infrastructure. Findings reveal that policy misalignment, insufficient investment in alternative fuel supply chains, and stakeholder disengagement hinder the industry’s green transition. This study advocates for a globally harmonized regulatory framework, strategic investments in alternative fuel infrastructure, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. By proposing innovative strategies, such as public-private partnerships and digital compliance mechanisms, this research provides a roadmap for overcoming these barriers and accelerating the adoption of sustainable maritime practices. The insights contribute to global efforts to meet the International Maritime Organization’s 2050 decarbonization targets.

In the present study, commercial activated carbon (CWZ-14) is tested for the removal of the anionic azodye Direct Red 23 (DR23) from aqueous solutions. The effect of parameters such as initial dye concentration (10‒50 mg/L), pH (3.4‒11.4), and temperature (20‒60 °C) on the adsorption process is studied. The structure and morphology of the commercial activated carbon, as the quality attributes of the adsorbents, are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). To understand the adsorption behavior of DR23 onto CWZ-14, the experimental kinetic data are analyzed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetics of the adsorption of the dye followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The isotherms of adsorption data are analyzed via the Langmuir and the Freundlich models. It is observed that the experimental data effectively fits the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm, qm, is 104.2 mg/g. The experimental findings showed that the adsorption is a pH-dependent process, with the maximum adsorption capacity occurring at a pH of 7. Thermodynamic parameters, such as changes in standard free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°), are also evaluated. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and a physisorption process.

With the advancements in mobile navigation, and thanks to the availability of portable devices, it is possible to calculate the trace and continuously monitor a user’s position. Due to widespread access to smartphones, any person can easily check their location, regardless of where they are at a given moment. This becomes an important factor in everyday life, especially while driving a car in an urban environment or agglomeration. In addition, mobile network operators and service providers themselves use location-based information to monitor and improve the quality of their services. This paper presents the results of a measurement campaign, which was carried out using Android-powered smartphones. The analysis includes four devices, originating from different manufacturers, with varying technical specifications, particularly supporting global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). The data were gathered while driving a car in various surroundings, including natural as well as manmade objects. The outcomes of the performed experiments may be of particular interest to both scientists and practitioners who rely on navigation systems and services on a daily basis.

This paper presents the results of experimental tests on coating systems for military applications. The evaluation of properties is performed based on measurements of thickness, gloss, hardness, and surface roughness. The spectral characteristics of the tested systems and color parameters are presented. The tests are conducted for two-layer masking coating systems made in three variants: coating system (SP1), coating system modified with carbon nanotubes (SP2), and coating system modified with glass microspheres (SP3). Analysis of the obtained results reveals that these coating systems exhibit similar thickness, gloss, and spectral characteristics. The SP2 system is characterized by lower hardness, while the SP2 and SP3 systems have higher roughness.

The 5S method is a fundamental tool that enables the efficient organization of the workplace. This method can be applied both to individual workstations and other areas of a company’s operations. The aim of this article is to improve the production system of a company specializing in the production of baby strollers and car seats by using the 5S method as a key tool. This article presents the implementation of the 5S method in a company manufacturing baby strollers, which is based on acquired experience. A survey is conducted among employees to assess their attitude toward the application of the 5S method in the company. In the studied facility, after the proper implementation of the fourth step of the 5S method, waste is identified in the form of excessive operator movements and unnecessary downtimes at the workstation. To address this issue, the “5 whys” method is applied. Tracing the root cause, which is found to relate to the way production elements are prepared in the warehouse, enables the design and creation of an innovative solution in the form of a pre-assembly rack. The implementation of the 5S method in the studied facility resulted in a high level of workplace cleanliness.

The aim of this article is to identify and assess environmental, organizational, and technical risks associated with the maritime transport of live animals, with a particular emphasis on their impact on the quality of transport processes, animal welfare, and the occupational health and safety of ship crews. Despite the existence of European Union regulations such as Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/372, which establish minimum standards for space, ventilation, access to water, contingency planning, and port infrastructure, significant shortcomings in the organization and quality of transport persist in practice. Inadequate onboard infrastructure, failures of ventilation, feeding and watering systems, and overcrowding lead to stress, dehydration, and disease in animals, which increase the risk of injuries. At the same time, crew members are exposed to harmful factors such as toxic gases, animal waste, slippery surfaces, and extreme temperatures. Poorly organized loading and unloading procedures further escalate the risk of accidents and negatively affect the quality of service provided during transport. This article proposes quality-oriented management actions to improve transport safety and animal welfare, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, mandatory presence of animal welfare specialists on board, regular technical inspections of vessels, and systematic training for crew members.

Transport belts are one of the most important parts of the equipment designed to secure the load during transport and movement. They are used in many branches of industry, depending on their strength and resistance to environmental factors. Therefore, their strength affects not only the effectiveness of cargo protection and the limitation of cargo losses but, especially, its safety. This article presents the influence of external factors on the strength of the material from which the fastening belts are made. In the introduction, the most commonly used types of belts are described alongside their main applications. The next part of the paper focuses on research on the influence of environmental factors and the impact of the level of utilization on the strength of transport belts. For this purpose, belts free from the influence of environmental factors are compared with belts that had previously been placed in a salt chamber for 90 days. Strength tests are carried out using a testing machine. The aim of these tasks is to determine the impact of the maritime environment on the tensile strength of transport belts and, more specifically, on the breaking force. The obtained results are compiled using graphs and tables. On the basis of this data, a decrease in strength parameters such as the breaking force, Young’s modulus, and strain is indicated.

In the modern world, the role of women in the maritime economy is becoming increasingly important. Most women acquire jobs in the organization of sea transport, cargo handling, warehousing, accounting, insurance, and marketing, while fewer women are employed on ships as sailors. The maritime transport sector has been dominated by men for years, not only in positions related to work at sea but also in management positions. Maritime economy entities are taking action to equalize the opportunities for women in relation to employment in managerial positions. This article aims to identify and assess the role of women in the maritime economy based on the employment structure as part of equalizing career development opportunities. The research utilizes a literature review and a desk research method. A statistical procedure and a comparative analysis are also used. The research results constitute interesting cognitive material not only for sea carriers but also for organizations associated with women employed in the maritime economy

With the ongoing transformation of business to the era of Industry 5.0, related IT technologies and solutions dedicated to logistics are undergoing transformation. This article presents a workflow that will help managers choose the correct strategy and sequence for implementing solutions that help companies embark on the path to Industry 5.0. The practical implications of the results include a clear roadmap for companies implementing Industry 5.0. The proposed IT hierarchy and LSCM prioritization provide decision-makers with actionable insights for planning investments, selecting technologies, and improving resilience and efficiency. This study supports strategic decisions across sectors by highlighting the most impactful digital tools that can drive transformation, sustainability, and competitive advantage in real business environments. In the scientific context, this article presents a template combining IT technologies used in companies and logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) planes in relation to the Industry 5.0 concept. Then, using the hybrid DEMATELPROMETHEE II methodology, the characteristic parameters of these spheres are assessed and hierarchized. The results presented in this article indicate that among the areas characterizing Industry 5.0, resilience solutions should be implemented first. Among IT technologies, solutions from the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) should play the leading role and, in terms of LSCM areas, the most important solutions should cover the sphere of demand planning and forecasting.