Navigational risk assessment is a complex process, which aims to determine the level of safety over the analyzed area. Usually two approaches are used: qualitative and quantitative. Engineers tend to view risk in an objective way in relation to safety, and as such use the concept of risk as an objective safety criteria. Among engineers risk is defined as a product of probability of occurrence of an undesired event and the expected consequences in terms of human, economic and environmental loss. These two components are equally important therefore appropriate estimation of these values is a matter of great significance. This paper deals with one of these two components: the probability of vessels‟ collision assessment. A new approach for probability estimation of collision between vessels is presented, rooted in aviation experiences. The presented model for collision frequency estimation takes into account historical traffic data from AIS, generalized vessel dynamics and uses advanced statistical and optimization methods (Monte-Carlo, Genetic Algorithms)

Made to identify and assess factors determining the quality of the utility of frozen fish in cold chain, taking into account the output quality frozen products. Organoleptic characteristics were analyzed frozen fish products, the selection of appropriate packaging and freezing techniques and increasing the added value of frozen fish products. Describes methods to help preserve the quality of frozen fish. Into account the results of the audit in the first quarter of 2009 by IJHARS the physicochemical parameters, labeling and packaging, and organoleptic characteristics of the randomly selected industrial enterprises. It was found that the marketing value-added frozen fish products is difficult to estimate and depends on subjective evaluations of consumers

On 19 May 2005 entered into force new Annex VI of MARPOL Convention – Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships and NOX Technical Code for Diesel Engines. In October 2008 at its 58th session the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee has been adopted the revisions of actual air pollution prevention requirements. Revised requirements will enter into force on 1 July 2010. This paper presents significant among the revisions which are the phased-in reductions for NOX and SOX emissions and the extended application of NOX emission limits to existing engines;Kołwzan, Krzysztof;Adamkiewicz, Andrzej

Tanker casualties cause often serious environment pollution with disastrous effects. The important issue is to perform successful salvage operation and in order to do so, it is necessary to forecast the exact position of the disabled ship at each point of time. Programme of research was installed in the Ilawa Ship Handling Research and Training Centre (SHRT) with the aim to develop a computer code for prediction of the path of disabled tankers after casualty in various damage conditions, partially flooded or broken down in parts. Those are realistic situations that may happen after collision or serious damage to the hull as did show casualties of tankers ERICA or PRESTIGE. Mathematical model of ship drifting motion under the influence of wind, waves and sea current was developed that, requires, however, knowledge of force coefficients, in particular hydrodynamic and aerodynamic force coefficients for damaged ship. Model tests intended to estimate these coefficients were performed in the towing tank where the model was in different damaged conditions. Developed computer code is intended to be validated by tests of the large model in semi-natural scale in natural wind and waves on the lake. Suitable testing methodology and measuring system were developed and preliminary tests were performed in the lake Silm in SHRT where the model was drifting freely in intact condition or with partially flooded compartments, heavily trimmed to the bow

W artykule przedstawiono badania teoretyczne okresu opóźnienia samozapłonu w silnikach z zapłonem samoczynnym, zwrócono uwagę na powiązanie tego okresu z energią aktywacji, obniżenie której związane jest z zastosowaniem katalizatorów, co warunkuje umiejscowienie materiałów katalitycznych we wtryskiwaczach paliwowych i może doprowadzić do zwiększenia ekonomicznych i ekologicznych parametrów pracy silników

Paper presents characteristics of selected marine and traction engines governor test stands. Test stands manu-factured by Woodward Governor and Regulateurs Europa have been presented. State-of-art of modern speed governor test stands functionality has been shown

The paper presents research on the actual ferry crossing traffic in Świnoujście by using laser measurement system. The aim of this study was to determine safety of coexistence crossing ferry and modernized ferry stand No. 6 of Sea Ferry Terminal in Świnoujście and verification simulation studies carried out in 1996 by Marine Traffic Engineering Institute

The paper presents the review and the comparison of the existing models of ships–ship collision. It also presents assumptions and preliminary results of collision model developed in Institute of Marine Traffic Engineering in Szczecin

First LNG import terminal on the Baltic Sea will be located in Poland at the outer port of Świnoujście. Safe entrance to the port of LNG carrier (vessel of length abt. 300 m) to the terminal requires considering of technical and navigational aspects, as well as fulfilment of series of safety criteria related to manoeuvring, mooring and unloading of LNG C carrier (LNGC). Complex manoeuvring, mooring and unloading safety assessment of LNG in port, might be done as an assessment of particular types of manoeuvres and exploitation operations. Paper describes all those aspects and show procedure of LNG terminal design with navigational and operational problems consideration

Two polarization mobile X-band radar IKI-2M, developed by Space Research Institute, Russ. Acad. Sci., has sufficiently high resolution of order 5–7 m both in distance and in azimuthally direction and is able to study sufficiently small details of the sea surface. This paper outlines the results of the sea surface observations, performed in 2008 in Gelendzhik, the Black Sea, at low grazing angles. Using radar images of the sea surface, presented in “time-distance” format, two kinds of wave breaking were observed: traditional “macro-breakings”, answering to long gravity waves, and “micro-breakings”, which correspond to small-scale breaking waves of meso-scale (decimeter) range, which never were registered by radar so far. These two kinds of wave-breakings differ by their intensities, velocities of movement, life-times and polarization characteristic. “Macro-breakings” are produced by long gravity waves with velocities, exceeding 5–8 m/s. They demonstrate rather long life-times about 10–20 s and sufficiently high radar cross-section up to 5–10 m2. In distinction to the “macro-breakings”, the “micro-breakings” are generated by slow meso-waves with velocities about 0.5–2.5 m/s. They do not produce the foam, have short life-time about 2–3 s and sometimes demonstrate very high radar cross-section up to several m2. Both types of breaking waves may produce significant clatter for marine radar and should be taken into account in solution of problems, connected with the safety of navigation and shipping

The success of Search and Rescue action depends on the large number of different factors such as accident characteristics, environmental conditions and human factor. Accident characteristics and environmental conditions are outer controlled factors which have to be considered with respect to the action success assessment. The preparation and conducting of the SAR action can be the decisive factors of action success. Nowadays the organization of SAR action entirely depends on the coordinator decisions. His knowledge, experience and attitudes are the critical factors for the action success. The paper presents the influence of the coordinator attitudes on SAR action efficiency and idea of a decisional model with respect to the tasks of the coordinator. The basic human attitudes to take a risk: aversion to risk, neutrality and predisposition to take a risk have been studie

In the article there are presented various operating events leading to the same consequences, i.e. permanent engine damage. The analysis has been carried out of diagnostic actions performed by the operators, of usefulness of the diagnostic systems held on these ships and the operating qualities of the latest diagnostic systems in respect of possibility to prevent the described consequences of operating events

In the modern systems of operation monitoring and of early detection of technical condition changes, additionally to the monitoring and measuring function, there is required the analysis of information in purpose to support the operator in making decisions. Such high complexity of a problem needs application of the fast methods of analysing the information in variety of aspects. Presently, in monitoring of a marine piston diesel engine tremendous importance the methods have, which are based on artificial intelligence both in a meaning of analysis of the individual processes and in complex analysis of a whole object. Merits of the artificial intelligence methods are – high flexibility, versatility and possibility to use the object for analysis with no need to have a mathematical description of the examined object, or occurring processes, what often imposes the considerable difficulty and restrictions in examination to be carried out

Ship collisions belong to major hazards to the safety of navigation. This article presents a prototype navigational decision support system aimed at assisting the navigator in the process of ship conduct. The problem of choosing the right track in ship encounter situations and optimization criteria are considered. The authors present algorithms for the optimization of ship‟s route in collision situations, implemented in the navigational decision support system being developed. The description of the system operation intended to determine optimized ship movement trajectories is based on simulated ship encounters

Electric power estimation of contemporary container vessels for whole container capacity range is presented in the paper. The multiple regression model has been used to determine electric power, based on the container ships database created for that reason. During electric power calculations the division into ships with electric power created by shaft and diesel generators and vessels with diesel generators only was done