Radar target tracking on a sea-going ship is a basic source of information about movement of other vessels, influencing directly safety of navigation. The research on improving of tracking methods has led to a new concept of multiple model neural filtration, which is a combination of multiple model approach with the use of artificial neural networks for the needs of estimation of movement vector. One of the key issue during designing of filter id to establish rules of interaction between elementary filters. The paper presents the most popular methods of manoeuvre detection and interaction of elementary filters in the numerical filtration. The modifications of them for the needs of neural tracking are proposed. Additionally, a concept of use of probabilistic neural network for this purpose is described. The idea was checked in the experimental research with the use of simulation. The result of the research confirmed usefulness of using PNN in multiple model filtration, showing however simultaneously the directions of future research in this. The research was financed by Polish National Centre of Science under the research project “Development of radar target tracking methods of floating targets with the use of multiple model neural filtering”

The research explained in this paper was carried out to investigate the efficiency of different steering systems on sailing yachts. The steering system of a sail yacht mostly includes a simple steering system and a hydrodynamic shaped single rudder or multiple rudders, depending on boat characteristics. One of the basic design guidelines for fast sailing yachts is to reduce wetted surface to minimum allowed by the dynamic stability and maintaining the sailing performances. Deficiencies of different steering systems are discussed and their influences on total drag and yacht manoeuvrability in different sailing directions is analysed. The discussion is focused on steering systems applicable in practice and accepted by the yacht-building industry, although several innovations could be found that remained on their development stage because of their complexity in construction, maintenance, use itself and reliability. All measurements have been conducted at sea applying on board sensors for position and accelerations acquirements. The purpose of the research was to demonstrate that the use of the bended rudder can reduce the leeway angle, the upwind sailing angle and increase the velocity made good to windwar

The paper presents a software implementation of multiple model neural filter for radar target tracking. Such a filter may be proposed as an interesting alternative for numerical filters. The main purpose of software implementation is to provide a tool for complex research of the filter possibilities and adjusting options. A concept of a filter is briefly mentioned, however the main body of paper is focused on user-approach detailed description of application with UML use-case diagrams. Examples of detailed presentation of usecases are given and the general use-case diagram for application is included. The application itself is to be an advanced tool for researchers interested in analyzing target tracking process, providing different tracking methods and the possibility of adjusting their parameters. The possibility of simulating any scenario, as well as working with real data (also on-line) was ensured. The research was financed by Polish National Centre of Science under the research project “Development of radar target tracking methods of floating targets with the use of multiple model neural filtering”

PNDS (Pilot Navigation and Docking System) [1] utilizes the range measurement between laser head and ship’s side to determine the ship’s outline presented on the screen. The noisy measurements and dynamic process noise affect the accuracy of determined parameters and propagate to ship’s heading and position. To improve the performance of PNDS system there was a need to apply the data filtering technique. In the paper the theoretical basis and algorithm of discrete Kalman filter designed for range optimal estimation in PNDS were described. The real data collected during berthing operation of motor vessel Navigator XXI were filtered and compared to row unfiltered data. The conclusions contain evaluation of filter capabilities and its potential application in PNDS system

Growing environmental protection requirements also include problems of ozone depletion by coolants. This article presents a possibility of using a cause-and-effect diagram, known as Ishikawa diagram, for an analysis of faults occurring in marine refrigeration systems. The analysis, focused on refrigeration systems installed in Polish fishing vessels, makes use of extensive faults data collected during research

Accurate knowledge about the causes, circumstances and place of transport accidents is the prerequisite to take the correct action to improve transport safety. Developing appropriate organizational structures, formsand methods of management and implementation of safety measures in the sectoral approach condition the success. Therefore, the Safety Information System is one of the integral areas of the Integrated Transport Safety System ZEUS

The modern simulation software includes an impact of forces acting on the ship hull. One of the mostsignificant forces is sea waves acting. The mathematical model allows simulation of ship motions in irregularsea wave area, both – at deep and shallow waters. The wave surface model enables simulation of the waveelevation in compliance with wave spectrum occurring in various conditions. The paper presents generaldescription of the sea wave model used in maritime simulators. An example of such simulators is used at the laboratory of the Naval University of Gdynia, where it is operated basing on NT-Pro 5000 software by Transas Marine. The latest version of simulation software gives a possibility to select the wave spectrum. Selection of the waving type, depending on sea area location, makes the ship movement more reliable. This is an important element in testing the ships behavior process

Traditional methods for assessing threats were ekological but today are ineffective. It is proposed to address this problem based on the classic balance method, known as the law of conservation of matter Lomonosov– Lavoisier, according to which the total mass of the physical system is preserved for all natural and man-made processes, including the procedures for processing and disposal

This article presents law requirements of the toxic emission to the atmosphere on example usually measured components during the analysis of exhaust gases. The paper describes the impact of NOx, SOx and COx on the atmosphere and also ways to reduce their emission.