W artykule przedstawione są różnice w składzie kwasowo-tłuszczowym olejów roślinnych i zwierzęcych. Badania eksperymentalne wykazały wpływ tego składu na parametry pracy silnika. Zapropnowano zastoso-wanie wskaźnika nienasycenia dla całkowej charakterystyki składu paliw roślinnych. Wykazano, że biodiesel o wysokim indeksie nienasycenia (większym udziale kwasów nienasyconych) charakteryzuje się lepszymi parametrami ekonomiczności. Wnioskuje się o możliwości otrzymywania paliw pochodzenia roślinnego z zadanymi właściwościami przy wyborze roślin z odpowiednim składem kwasowo-tłuszczowym po wpro-wadzeniu selekcji lub zmian genetycznych

In this paper the influence of carbon dioxide capture installation (CCS installation) on the efficiency of a coal power plant is presented. The power demand for the membrane separation and the efficiency losses of the power plant (14.04 percentage points) after implementation of the CCS installation is shown. A method for reducing these losses through integration of the CCS installation with the power plant is proposed. The main aims of the integration are heat exchange between media and decrease of the CO2 temperature before compression. Implementing of this process can result in a significant reduction of the efficiency loss by around 7 percentage points. The influence of the integration on the unit sale price of electricity as well as on the cost of CO2 avoided emission was also determined. The influence of the fuel cost , investment cost of the CCS installation on the limit sale price of electricity and CO2 avoided emission cost was analyzed in details

Design guidelines are presented for predicting added wave resistance useful at the early stage of designing ro-ro ferries. The guidelines were prepared on the basis of regression analysis of model values of added wave resistance. The model values were calculated by means of 448 ferry shape variants assuming conventional waving parameters and ferry movement parameters. Such approach permitted the replacement of a compli-cated numerical model with a simple regression model based on basic design parameters

International Maritime Organization is looking forward for modern methods of learning in marine field. The training of seafarers may be allowed by distance learning and e-learning methods in accordance with the standards of training and assessment set in STCW convention. For that purpose the web based course for competences related to the LRC certificate and learning management system, that is able to support any GMDSS E-learning material, are being developed. This is the aim of European Leonardo da Vinci project numbered: 142173-LPP-1-2008-1-SI-LEONARDO-LMP (2008–2010) and titled: E-Learning system for GMDSS VET. The article presents the results of current works

The paper presents results of unsteady numerical analysis of propeller-rudder system. For the calculations the Ansys Fluent solver was employed. The governing equations are RANSE. The results of computed forces, pathlines and pressure distribution on propeller and rudder are given as a function of rudder deflection angle. Initial investigations point to a number of very interesting effects, e.g. the formation on the rudder for small angle of deflection, the resulting force coincident with the direction of ship speed moving ahead. For that reason the resulting force may be considered as an additional component of the thrust force. Presented analysis may be employed during design of ships which are expected to attain good manoeuvring performance (e.g. LNG carriers) or ships which are designed with diesel-electric propulsion installation where there is a possibility to recover energy from inertia when slowing down

This article verifies a hypothesis about Poissonian character of vessel traffic stream, disturbing ferry traffic. Based on data from an AIS system, the probability distribution of time between traversing a line of ferry crossing by successive vessels of traffic stream has been determined. Data for four ferry routes in the southern Baltic Sea, have been considered. To test the hypothesis about the form of distribution, the chi square Pearson test has been use

The article presents issues connected with association of radar and AIS targets in the process of integration of this two systems. Theoretical analysis of the problem has been carried out. IMO requirements has been depicted and included in three association criteria proposed, which sequentially implemented in the algorithm allow firm association of radar and AIS targets. The general condition for association has been presented and it has been subsequently detailed for each criterion. As the basic test association of the position has been taken and it can be supplemented by association of movement vector and history of association in the furtherer steps. In each case the association gate has been defined. The sizes of gates, which allow to consider chosen criterion as fulfilled has been determined by analysis. The presented association algorithms may be used as the first step of radar–AIS integration to lead to multisensory vector fusion in the consecutive steps

In the article authors present the structure of recourses management system in local government on example of one of the Varsovian district. Recourses are understanding as building and land (cadastral) data enriched by different accessible materials. The methodology of system construction, range of data as well as functions realized by the system were introduced. The architecture of a system is (with some modifications) the classical solution characteristic for systems of GIS type. Such a system is designed to support of economic, social and administrative decision making as well as is a ground to bring cadastral system into effect

The article presents the author’s method of scale determining of cartographical chart. The worked out method permits on scale defining on the base on resolution of source imagery, precision of location and internal geometry of situational details as well as the defining of interpretation aim. In present study authors introduce a new attitude to cartographical study of seaports. It relies on very high resolution imageries using to create a orthophotomap and regards it as a final product instead of product attending to updating other maps

The share of start-up wear in total wear of an automobile engine is large, and in the analysed case it exceeded 40%. The amount of start-up wear of engine elements strongly depends on start-up temperature: the lower temperature, the larger wear. Hence the particular significance of so-called cold start-ups, which most often are first starts of an engine on a given day. The temperature of the first start-up in ungaraged vehicles is the same as the temperature of the surroundings, and it depends on the season. This article analyses changes in mean intensity of wear of a truck engine cylinder liner associated with different temperatures of first start-up in different seasons. In the analysed case, the intensity of wear in winter was 16% higher than in the summer. Also discussed are the possible consequences of the above changes for wear intensities determined in measurements

The paper outlines the radar studies of the sea surface by means of two polarizations X-band radar IKI-2M in Gelendzik, the Black Sea. Observation were performed in “time-distance” regime with azimuthal position of antenna being fixed. The main attention was paid to wave breakings, which have formed the tracks of limited length at the time-distance display. Two kinds of wave breakings are selected: breakings of long gravity waves, moving with velocities 6–8 m/s (“macro-breakings”) and breakings of small-scale meso-waves (“micro-breakings”), which are moving with velocities 0.5–1.0 m/s. The macro-breakings are characterized by sufficiently long time-life about 10–15 s, whereas micro-breakings manifest much shorter times of life about 1–2 s. Probability distributions are obtained for life-times and for characteristic velocities of localized “scattering spots”, observed at the radar images. The analysis of the experimental data allowed distinguishing the resonant and non-resonant mechanisms of scattering

Orthophotomaps are now an irreplaceable source of topographic data acquisition, which also can be used in the preparation of navigational charts. As they are maps for special applications, they shall have a specified charting accuracy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the shoreline mapping using aerial photographs and satellite images. This evaluation was based on the statistical analysis related to the accuracy of the vectorization of the inland waters shoreline

A new method for updating the deviation table of a magnetic compass on any heading is proposed. The ma-thematical description of the method is presented. The accuracy of the restoration of factors B and C is inves-tigated. The requirement of acuracy for instrumental observation is formulate

The topic of the publication is the presentation of the detection method and identification of every kind of environmental threats such as: pollutants or environmental contamination, causing changes of reflection property of ground, water, atmosphere surface, their locating and the monitoring of changes. This method is based on remote sensing measuring techniques as well as on using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. It is based on the application of a monochromatic digital camera working in the 300–1100 nm range and equipped in a tunable filter. The point is to work out the automatic control system of the camera-filter set. Imageries gained in a few hundred spectral ranges were preliminary process depending on choosing few ranges with optimum image parameters. These data are transmitting to the automatic control system of camera-filter set

During ship navigation on waves its relative motions occur which result in propeller emergence. This, in consequence, causes the propeller thrust drop. The article presents the results of calculations of the propeller thrust drop and ship service speed reduction on a preset ocean route where specific mean statistic weather parameters occur