Complex technical objects such as ship power plant are the source of many hazards to their operators. Identification and elimination of these hazards on the finished objects is very labor-intensive task and involves significant financial outlays. Therefore, it would be advisable to carry out these activities much earlier – at the design stage. However, this entails to some difficulties. Depending on the design phase the designer has a limited amount of information from which the operator’s safety can be assessed. Additionally, this information is associated with considerable uncertainty. These difficulties can be overcome by using subjective estimates of persons having practical knowledge in the field of our interest – the experts. Such knowledge can be formulated most easily in linguistic categories, that is fuzzy logic language. In the paper the basis of construction of ship power plant operator risk assessment system at the design stage are presented. This system was based on a fuzzy inference mechanism. For this purpose linguistic variables are defined. Based on these variables, fuzzy risk assessment would be carried out. Variables were related to each other within the fuzzy rule base. Fuzzy inference in the system is based on the Mamdani model. Use of this system will enable the identification of hazards for the operators of ship power plant and will indicate the necessary corrective actions

The paper presents the characteristics to determine the effect of elevated temperature coolant in the cooling system on engine useful parameters, the torque, power, specific fuel consumption and efficiency as a function of the effective engine speed and specific fuel consumption, hourly fuel consumption and air consumption as a function of engine load. The most popular and widely used method of cooling is liquid cooling, which ensures uniformity of temperature around the combustion chamber and easy acquisition and transfer of heat, although the properties of water are limited to a maximum temperature of the coolant. Increase the efficiency of modern internal combustion piston engines is done by modern control systems units of each engine according to its operating conditions, reducing heat loss in engine cooling and recovering energy from exhaust gases (e.g.: turbine air compressors). The results of tests confirmed the benefits of increased coolant temperature. The set of characteristics that applies the pressure of the cooling system affect the fuel consumption, especially at high speed, which contributes to increase effective efficiency of the engine

The paper describes current and future changes in regulations for marine fuel connected with sulphur oxides emission and the consequences of this process for shipowners and crews. Introducing new requirements concerning fuels caused appearing specific operating problems. The problems connected with exploitation after limiting of sulphur oxides emission refers mainly to protection of the fuel system (fuel injection pumps and injection valves). From the point of view of operating’s safety and a vessel itself, it is essential that engines, pumps, boilers and boiler burners are properly prepared for servicing and burning of low-sulphur fuels. The changes extorted the preparation of procedures of entrances and exits form the ECA zone and recommendations for shipowners and crews use. Shipowners carry out analytical research upon the influence of applied fuel upon safety of operating marine power plants, upon technical condition of operated machinery. Crews are trained in the scope of implementing the described changes. The other groups of problems are these connected with increase of operating costs and the danger of sea logistics roads transfer to road ones

The paper considers and analyses the application of gas (LNG) as a marine fuel for the whole of the merchant fleet. From made considerations, it is evident that up to year 2025 LNG will become a general ships fuel

The article refers to BOG reliquefaction plants installed on the new generation LNG ships board. The construction, principle of operation and properties of the Hamworthy reliquefaction systems MARK I and MARK III were described. The layout diagrams and the process flow charts of these systems were enclosed. The construction comparisons of both systems were carried out and technology development advantages of the reliquefaction systems were presente

The article presents a combined system of a large power ship power plant. The system consists of a piston internal combustion engine and the steam turbine system which utilises the energy transported with the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine. The analysed variant of the combined cycle includes a Diesel engine and a steam turbine with a single-pressure waste-heat boiler. The numerical calculations were performed for two low-speed internal combustion engines made by Wärtsilä and MAN Diesel \& Turbo, each of an approximate power output of 54 MW. The assumptions and limits which were used in the calculations done using a specially worked out code are included. The energy optimisation of the entire combined ship power plant was done taking into account only the thermodynamic point of view, leaving aside the technical and economic aspects

Modeling of ship motions in waves concentrates in most applications on the response amplitude operator (RAO). This mathematically not demanding method of analysis is very attractive, but loses some essential information in certain situations. The objective of present contribution is to establish and investigate preliminary foundations for a seakeeping model as optimal for under keel clearance (UKC) estimation. A special attention was devoted to transients of motions, stationary harmonic motions, coupling between degrees of freedom, and the wave force transfer functions – all in the aspect of shallow water environment

PISCES II is a simulator designed to conduct research and training related to the rescue operation in the event of an oil spill on any of the world region. The program includes a built-in mathematical model, enables the oil spill of crude oil to observe the interaction in user-specified external conditions. This paper presents the results of the analysis of mathematical model simulation Pisces II, the behavior of the oil slick in selected hydrometeorological conditions

Maritime surveillance from space is useful for many applications, such as fisheries control, maritime border control and maritime security. A new generation of satellite-borne Synthetic Aperture Radars is able to provide resolutions of down to 1 meter. In the case of maritime targets, however, their motions lead to blurring in the SAR images, so these high resolutions cannot be attained. Scientific research into how to surmount the existing limits on the use of high-resolution images for maritime surveillance would be of great utility. In this context, high resolution SAR data were collected from ships that have been fitted with motion sensors in order to understand vessel motion impact on detection and recognition capability

This article deals with issues relating to the evacuation of people from large passenger ships. Factors affecting the safety of passenger ships at both design and operational stage are described. The vital regulatory documents concerned with evacuation from ships are indicated. A concept of seeking an optimized evacuation plan at the design stage is presented. It aims at shortening the time of possible evacuation and at current on board planning of evacuation, taking into account inaccessibility of some escape routes

Using laser rangefinders or other distance measuring tools offers an opportunity to create new ship waterplane position finding algorithms in restricted areas. The achieved by such system redundancy of positioning system will affect on ship’s safety and influence navigation which is dominated by one system (GPS and its derivatives). This paper is focused on developed optimization gradient algorithm and its improvement, algorithm with random start position

In the paper the priority of technical means and methods of navigation at contemporary seagoing ship was discussed. The role of magnetically compass and gyrocompass at the condition of contemporary ship was described. Effectiveness of gyrocompass and magnetically compass from point of navigation and economy was analyzed. The result of analysis is reflected at the recommendation for navigators and managers of ship’s company

The described in literature components validity measures (the order of the smallest cross section measurement of streams, number of occurrences of events in the Fault Tree, Birnbaum, Veseley-Fussell’s measures, the potential of reliability improvement, Lambert’s measure ...) relating mainly to the concepts of reliability and reliability structures is characterized. Concepts of studying functional structures of complex technical systems are presented. Directions and the amount of streams of energy factors flow in the systems will be analyzed. The analysis will be performed for the so-called dynamic functional structures. The validity and importance of the component in the system is assessed on the basis of the number of streams of energy factors which flow to and from the component. The greater the number of those streams, the more responsible for the operation of the system in this state is the component

Tropical cyclones tracks on the North Atlantic basin were categorized (years 1989–2009). Standard environmental patterns were used. Authors took into consideration cyclones motion parameters and their changes. Recurving, left-turning, nonrecurving, looping and erratic tracks were describe

This paper presents a study of ships passing distances in coastal waters based on data from the AIS. Examinations are designed also to work towards the development of probabilistic domain that is an area in which the navigator is trying to keep free from other vessels. This article has been hypothesized for the distribution of ships passing distances from which you can build a probabilistic domain. The article summarizes the studies for three types of ships: tankers, passenger ships and cargo vessels and is comparing the shapes of domains for each of them in three situations: overtaking, crossing, vessels on the opposite courses. Studies were carried out in the Gulf of Pomerania