In the paper the hazard estimation method of assessment of risk on ship routes in terms of the random maps has been proposed. The two-dimensional, multimodal density function of hazard areas has been used. Furthermore, the application to identify the main threats, based on accepted minimum level of safety for particular navigational situation has been propose

The safe operations of LNG terminal in Świnoujście mainly depends on safe operations of LNG tankers. Manoeuvring the LNG tanker at the terminal entrance and basin is always connected with a risk of accident. Areas where the risk of accident is the greatest are those in the vicinity of entrance heads and the turning basin. Accidents within these areas are burdened with the most serious consequences. This article presents possible scenarios of LNG tanker accident consequences in the LNG Terminal in Świnoujście

The article briefly describes one of the modules of a Liquid Cargo handling Simulator operated by the Maritime University of Szczecin, designed to simulate the handling of liquid. It addresses shipping security issues in the context of ISPS Code requirements for port facilities and presents the applicability of simulation methods in the security plan development and verification

This article contains an analysis of the new inspection regime introduced 01/01/2011 by Port State Control affiliated to the Paris Memorandum of Understanding. Discusses the reasons for its creation, and presents its characteristics

A rapid development of information technologies opens increasingly wider opportunities for enhanced performance of all modes of transport, including carriage by sea. Such chances are offered by new and existing intelligent transport systems. The idea of creating a maritime intelligent transport system is convergent with the conception of e-navigation developed in recent years on the IMO forum. Navigational information systems, one component of the maritime intelligent transport system, support the process of ship conduct. We should expect that developments of these systems will be going towards decision support systems – intelligent navigational advisory systems. Apart from information functions, the tasks of these systems include hazard identification in ship movement (e.g. collision situations), warning against hazards and automatic generation of solutions (recommended manoeuvres). This article characterizes tasks of the maritime intelligent transport system and the place and functions of navigational decision support systems

Supervising ship stability during cargo operations poses many difficulties. Factors such as reduction of ship crew and constant pursuit of profit, resulting in increased cargo handling capacity in ports, put ship officers in an uneasy situation, which leads to accidents. This paper outlines the main problem of supervising ship stability in port, such as loss of stability and hull structural stress. It also shows how an LCHS simulator can contribute to examine the concepts of stability loss and hull loads

This article describes basic tasks to be done in the process of designing LNG terminals. In this connection various possible applications of computer simulation models are discussed. Dedicated methods for the selection of terminal site and the determination of parameters of approach channels, port areas and cargo handling facilities are presented. These methods make use of various models of computer-based simulation. The methods herein described have actually been used in the works on designing the LNG terminal in Świnoujście

The sequential method of emptying and filling of ballast tanks at sea may pose extra threats for ship’s safety. The prepared Ballast Water Management (BWM) Plan enables carrying out the operation so that negative effects of emptying each ballast tank are minimized. A large number of tanks and substantial volume of ballast water to be exchanged may create difficulties in preparing an optimized plan. The author proposes to use a liquid cargo handling simulator for the preparation of the BWM plan for selected LNG carriers

Problems concerning preliminary design of FPSO vessels are presented in view of their seakeeping ability. The article analyzes the presently applied approach in which seakeeping quality of FPSO vessels is taken into consideration and discusses possibilities of using this approach at the preliminary stage of design. Besides, the current approach used for predicting such phenomena as heaving, slamming and green water loading is discusse

An attempt is made to build a knowledge data base to be used a basis for a navigational situation assessment system. The system is based on Bayesian networks. A research experiment will be described, in which simulation tests were carried out to define a relevant data base. This article also presents a model for manoeuvre identification and a simulator application created for simulation tests. It has been proved that automatic identification of ships manoeuvres is possible and, so is the navigational situation assessment in view of navigational safety

The failure data available for power, navigation, propulsion and steering systems onboard LNG carriers, during critical manoeuvres in the final harbour and berth approach phase, are often accompanied with a high degree of uncertainty. For this reason the use of conventional probabilistic risk assessment methods may not be well suited. The approach described uses fault tree analysis to calculate the fuzzy probability of systems failure. The risks associated with failure events are determined by combining their occurrence likelihood (probability) and possible consequences to produce a risk ranking

One of the essential issues in the multi-criteria process of voyage planning is the safety of personnel, cargo and the ship itself, accounting for the optimized voyage time and costs. Apart from sometimes difficult weather and navigational conditions, pirates have been a new major threat to the safety of navigation since the beginning of this century. It is because of piracy, traditional routes of vessels differ from seasonal ones, and their threat is taken into consideration in decisions concerning the choice of the sea route of a ship. This article indicates the most dangerous routes in terms of pirate attacks occurrence over the last few years in the Indian Ocean. An attempt is made to relate the number of pirate attacks to hydrometeorological conditions and to define the effect of pirates activities on the problems of choosing the vessel sea route

The article presents the mathematical model of the air brake system with two commonly used valves: the dual circuit foot brake valve and the relay valve. The system can be seen as a part of a typical brake system of heavy trucks. The model has been developed based on the previously elaborated and experimentally verified models of the components of the air brake systems. The model can be used at a design stage to predict the behavior of the system during the normal operation and during the sudden braking or malfunction. Differential equations of pressure changes in the chambers and motion equations of the pistons of membrane operated cylinders as well as algebraic equilibrium equations describing the motion of the moving parts of the brake and relay valves are presented. The values of all model parameters, such as, spring stiffnesses and pistons’ diameters, etc. have been determined by dismantling the valve or referenced from the literature. The experimental verification of the model is planned in the future

This paper presents an example of applying Markov decision process to model and analyse the bus operation and maintenance process within an urban transport system and to forecast the influence of the operation and maintenance strategies realised for the technical objects on the transport system behaviour. Setting the values of the indices describing the process under the analysis is performed on the basis of a computerised simulation of the Markov decision process, being a mathematical model of the technical objects operation and maintenance process. In order to simulate the operation and maintenance process (Markov decision process) and to evaluate the influence of the decisions being made on the course and effectiveness of the process being realised within the study object a simulation algorithm has been elaborated and a computer calculation program has been written. The model presented herein has been created in such a way to assure that it shall be possible to use it in as extensive as possible class of the problems regarding the operation and maintenance of the technical objects

In the article there have been presented the current state and perspectives in the scope of using rapeseed biomass, with particular consideration of solid biodegradable by-products of the technology of obtaining oils- -expellers and rapeseed meal. Rapeseed biomass has been characterised with respect to its technological properties essential in combustion processes, both after conversion into bio-char and bio-oil and with respect to its raw, unprocessed form. The reasonableness of applying this kind of agrobiomass in co-combustion with minable fuels has been shown, resulting from conditions of agricultural production, increasing rapeseed production and by-products, with their incomplete use in the land, in view of the obligatory increased participation of biomass in the structure of fuels applied for producing electric and heat energy. The current state of agrobiomass supply logistics to the boiler plant has been analysed, pointing out its significance in shaping demand satisfaction for biomass using rapeseed waste products