There are different scales related to time actually two the most important timescales are the TAI (Time Atomic International) and the UTC (Universal Time Coordinated). In addition to these times Satellite Navigation Systems (SNS) have developed their own system time: GPS Time (GPST), the GLONASS System Time (GLONASSST) and the Galileo System Time (GST). The sources, the generation and the relation between all these times and timescales are described in this paper. Additionally the time dilution of precision (TDOP) coefficient and the data concerning the time transmitted in navigation messages by satellites of different SNS will be presente

Simulators are useful in very wide field of current life. Very important is to know their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most important of navigational simulator using is deck officers training. Possibilities of using real collision situations for officers training can seriously improve knowledge about deck officers behavior in dangerous situations. Analysis of the possibility of using the NMS-90 simulator for ship’s collision reconstruction was the aim of experiment. Some problems of recorded data accuracy and simulator possibilities influence on accident reconstruction process are described in this paper

In convolution method of the determination of vessel traffic stream parameters, it is indispensable to know the distribution of braking time. In this paper, on base of simulations trials, the fitting the type of the probability distribution to data of vessel braking times has been done. To achieve this goal the chi square Pearson test has been use

The paper presents the researches of manoeuvring model of the ferry m/f “Polonia” at the Ystad harbour. Manoeuvring decisions recognition system based on probabilistic model by using the Bayesian belief networks has been proposed. Suggested variables necessary for defined nodes of network, methods of converting into discrete variables have also been presented. Finally there are some conclusions and suggestions concerning constructed model

This article analyzes the problem of opposite flow that may occur during the evacuation of people from passenger ships. The causes of evacuation opposite flow and methods of its investigation are given. Besides, the methods of taking account of opposite flow in evacuation models are analyzed. It is proposed to search for the critical value of density depending on the number of persons moving in the opposite direction

The method of high accuracy for dynamically tuned gyroscope is presented. The mathematical description and calculation of the gyroscope‟s parameters which have coefficient of integrating 6.9 are described. The characteristics of the resonance depending of generalized parameter and influence of balance variation on accuracy were analyzed. The result of experiment is according to theory at condition of experiment in vacuum chamber

The paper presents investigations concerning the implementation of a prediction system based on hydrodynamic model, capable to find parameters of the simplified hydrodynamic Nomoto model (1st – order). Optimization of Nomoto model parameters is based on extrapolation of the position, using genetic algorithm and Newton's metho

This article compares routes of a ship avoiding a tropical cyclone calculated by various methods. The calculations were done in the environment of evolutionary algorithms based on systematically received forecasts. The computational algorithms made use of the 1-2-3 rule, anti-collision plot, and the storm field defined as the cyclone fuzzy domain. The results have been compared with post factum analysis utilizing exclusively the full scope of weather analyses for the relevant moments of the voyage

The first part of the article presents the quality analysis following the most popular world standards used for the description of terrain / sea bottom shape: DTED – Digital Terrain Elevation Data, used by NATO, SRTM model – Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, worked out within the confines of the international mission of the space shuttle Endeavour, DBDB-V – Digital Bathymetric Data Base – Variable Resolution, used for the description of sea and ocean bottoms, NMB – Network Model Bathymetry, as one of the AML – Additional Military Layers for WECDIS – Warship Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems has been shown. The distortion distribution of projected areas shape in a matrix model based on ellipsoidal trapezoids and proposal of new model based on ellipsoidal squares have been presented in the main and final section of the article

Container traffic grew very fast and many ports have prepared infrastructure and superstructure for the container vessels. During the last decade, many of Eastern Baltic ports container terminals started working with container vessels and in the same time looked for the bigger container vessels with limited possible investments [1]. In many ports are very limit space inside the ports and it make additional difficulties increase entry to the ports ships size. Container terminals usually are located in the middle or in the end parts of the ports and find enough space for the ships turning basins raise difficulties. Big container vessels navigational safety must be linked with ports infrastructure, but very often ports are orientated on the old standards and design recommendations, so are trying to keep big safety coefficients regarding water ways depths, widths, and hydrometeorological conditions limitations. Old standards did not include new accuracy navigational equipment such as RTK systems, which are implemented in many ports and increase navigational possibilities and navigational safety. This paper addresses the theoretical approach of the influence of new big container vessels sailing within ports areas, namely ships turning basins, possibilities and navigational safety of the ships, which have big wind surface and good manoeuvrability

The efforts to maintain the relatively safe status of maritime transport are required, but unfortunately these efforts necessarily go beyond technological improvements to measures necessitated by intentional operational polluters. Science in this aspect is relegated to a defensive position, its direction dictated by environmental crime. The old practices of dumping ship-generated waste and pumping out cargo residues apparently will continue until a mean of identifying perpetrators is established and publicized. We hope that satellite technology can play an important complementary and supporting role in detecting and deterring such pollution. When an early-warning message can be delivered to responsible authorities (mainly coast guards) in real time, satellites can effectively support the possibility of identifying the polluting ship and thus open the way to prosecution of the offenders. This paper is about advances in polluter identification methodology beginning with the analysis of SAR images. Because cases in which a freshly released slick is detected are rare, an acquired image usually depicts a slick that is already weathered, with a currents-and-wind-distorted slick footprint and either no ships or too many ships in the vicinity. If AIS (Automatic Identification System) information is available or can be retrieved through an archive, in most cases the operator is still faces the problem that many ships passed the designated area, or that the slick is outside AIS range, effectively preventing any possibility of identification. Another problem related to polluter tracking is the availability of metocean ancillary data. Highly accurate wind and currents data are necessary for successful backtracking of the slick towards likely polluters and the origin of the spill. Wind and currents data therefore must be validated for instance, by reading headings from anchored ships or analyzing the differences between integrated courses and headings of ships passing through the area under investigation. Drift caused by external forces for a certain vessel may be further validated through the use of a ship handling simulator

The paper presents verification of probabilistic method for under keel clearance determination. The method enables to determine the distribution of under keel clearance in several ship’s passages and in further step to assess the probability of ship’s grounding accident during the port approach. The model which uses this method is available online for authorized users and could be used for decision making process of harbour captain in everyday practice. The results of using this model could be used in risk assessment of ships entering to the ports, therefore it is possible to introduce using online model for Polish harbours workers. Research results present verification of probabilistic model, based on data from Szczecin Maritime Office and probability of touching the bottom during ships’ passages on Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway. Moreover there are presented examples of some situations when entering to the port for analyzed ships is not allowe

Ship traffic on the Baltic Sea grows each year affecting the shipping safety and boosts chances of collision with other vessel. In this article the modelling of hazard of collision is presented for ship routes crossing, taking advantage of function Copula and methods of queuing theory

In the paper the hazard estimation model of assessment of risk on ship routes in terms of supporting the decision depending on the traffic stream parameters has been proposed. It has been obtained by applying of semi-Markov model of safety and partial models based on consecutive “k out of n: G” systems. Furthermore, the considerations on the aspects of the selection methodology for assessment of risk to a ship route have been presente

Merchant vessels may be used by SAR mission coordinator (SMC) according to SOLAS convention and other international conventions. Some vessels are more suitable than others due to construction, number of person on board, actual stability situation, etc. Actually SMC may use ship which declared readiness to attend SAR action only. Modern information systems give SMC information about other vessels in action area also. SMC is responsible to choose the best vessel for SAR action. The paper presents model of Bayesian network to estimate merchant ship usability for SAR action. Information from AIS system is very useful for this model. Combination AIS system with presented model gives SMC tool which will help to find the best ship in area. Some ship particulars are more important that other and may bring about that the ship will be not suitable for SAR action