The paper outlines the radar studies of the sea surface by means of two polarizations X-band radar IKI-2M in Gelendzik, the Black Sea. Observation were performed in “time-distance” regime with azimuthal position of antenna being fixed. The main attention was paid to wave breakings, which have formed the tracks of limited length at the time-distance display. Two kinds of wave breakings are selected: breakings of long gravity waves, moving with velocities 6–8 m/s (“macro-breakings”) and breakings of small-scale meso-waves (“micro-breakings”), which are moving with velocities 0.5–1.0 m/s. The macro-breakings are characterized by sufficiently long time-life about 10–15 s, whereas micro-breakings manifest much shorter times of life about 1–2 s. Probability distributions are obtained for life-times and for characteristic velocities of localized “scattering spots”, observed at the radar images. The analysis of the experimental data allowed distinguishing the resonant and non-resonant mechanisms of scattering

Evolution of polarization state is described by new mathematics, namely, by angular variables technique (AVT) which describes behavior of the angular parameters of polarization ellipse in magnetized plasma. From this point of view the polarization of electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasma is studied in conditions, when Cotton-Mouton effect is weak enough as compared with Faraday one. The method of consequent approximations is applied, which uses the ratio of Cotton-Mouton , and Faraday 3 parameters, as a small parameter of a problem and allows obtaining simple analytical expressions for ellipticity angles approximations

New two-stage method for observation and processing of radar signals and images is suggested, which uses two-polarization X-band radar and significantly improve accuracy of sea surface current velocity measurement