The author analyses the problems associated with people's evacuation from the ship in a emergency situation, especially passenger ships because of their arrangement and number of passengers. The state of the art connected with the influence of different parameters on people, their reactions, behaviour and evacuation process is presented. Especially the case of fire growth is taken under consideration. This konwledge could be useful for interior desingers in choosing safety furnushing, researchers who analyse the evacuation process when the fire spreafs

This article deals with issues relating to the evacuation of people from large passenger ships. Factors affecting the safety of passenger ships at both design and operational stage are described. The vital regulatory documents concerned with evacuation from ships are indicated. A concept of seeking an optimized evacuation plan at the design stage is presented. It aims at shortening the time of possible evacuation and at current on board planning of evacuation, taking into account inaccessibility of some escape routes

This article analyzes the problem of opposite flow that may occur during the evacuation of people from passenger ships. The causes of evacuation opposite flow and methods of its investigation are given. Besides, the methods of taking account of opposite flow in evacuation models are analyzed. It is proposed to search for the critical value of density depending on the number of persons moving in the opposite direction

This article states theoretical assumptions for the method of identifying disadvantageous evacuation times from ships relating to diversified populations of passengers. The influence of age, sex and physical fitness of people is examined. The presented optimization uses the genetic algorithms method as well as Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox included in Matlab software. Examples of calculations of the time of passenger evacuation from a passenger ship are given to verify the operation of the developed metho

Shortening the time of evacuation itself is affected, among other things, by the geometry of evacuation routes and their appropriate marking. At the paper interactions between people and systems of evacuation routes signing at evacuation models are described. Also human psych-physiological reactions in the conditions of dangerous situations are analyzed. Influence of evacuation direction choice and „bottle necks” for evacuation time at exampling passenger ship is presente

This article aims to present the principles of the method of genetic algorithms and examples of the use of this method for solving problems related to proper organization of evacuation both from ships and land buildings. The paper also proposes the use of genetic algorithms to search for the optimal distribution of evacuation. The problem of course was brought to the task of evacuation transport, which is so designated evacuation routes for different groups of people to get the shortest possible evacuation time. Application of genetic algorithms will determine the most preferred target as passengers from the premises where they are located at the start of the evacuation to the assembly. Describes how to encode the problem in the genetic algorithm and a simple calculation shows the distribution of escape routes and validate the assumed method of encoding

The short specificity of high -speed passenger craft (HSC) and analysis of factors affecting the safety of such units is presented at the article. Normative documents relating to the HSC evacuation is also described. The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the possibility of evacuation of passengers in emergency situations on HSC. This analysis was done on the example of a catamaran in accordance with regulation MSC/Circ.1166 given by IMO.

Marine accidents are rather frequent as the elimination of all hazards to human health and life is still impossible. In every case the evacuation from the ship must be taken into consideration. The layout and marking methods should be continually im-proved to increase the safety level of voyages. The paper describes evacuation routes designing and marking. This knowledge can be utilized by interior designers in choosing safety euipment and by researchers who analyse the evacuation of personnel and pas-sengers in emergency situations.

This article analyzes some maritime accidents involving passenger ships that occurred in the Baltic Sea. Existing forms of passenger transport by sea have been identified, and passenger-ship accident statistics in the years 2003 to 2013 are presented. We discuss threats that may exist in passenger transport such as, technical, operational and navigational risks, as well as threats caused by human error and bad weather. In the last part of the paper, we analyze the cause and effect of selected incidents of passenger ships in the Baltic Sea, which include the grounding of the ship MS Amorella, the Stena Spirit ferry collision with infrastructure, and the collision of two ships, the MS Gotland with HSC Gotlandia II. The impact of the human factor on the safety of passenger ships is also analyzed.

This article analyzes the concept of multipurpose inland residential platforms. It presents the existing solutions and the applications of floating residential structures in Europe, including houseboats and floating barges. Further on, the paper describes the possibilities and main purposes of using multipurpose inland platforms (residential, tourist or military). In addition, an algorithm is presented for selecting the right concept depending on the demand and the infrastructural conditions of inland harbors and marinas. Three variants of residential platforms are identified and the features of some of the solutions are discussed. The expected benefits for dif- ferent sectors of the economy derived from using residential platforms are also explored. The aforementioned analysis prescribes the directions for further research aiming to ensure effective implementation of the present- ed concepts.

This article attempts to determine the rules for lawful use of floating objects for residential purposes. It presents the currently existing legal solutions applied in Europe for such floating structures. Further, the article describes a classification of residential floating objects from the legal perspective. The existing regulations are analyzed with regard to the provisions of the Water Law Act and the Inland Navigation Act. Moreover, the paper describes three different types of water usage, i.e. common, ordinary and special, and discusses in which of these forms the residential use of public waters falls. The analysis allows for the determination of the directions of further research, so that an accurate procedure ensuring a lawful use of houseboats can be adopted.