Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to introduce issue 54 (126) of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. In this issue, we publish results of current research on marine technology, marine navigation and marine traffic engineering. The introductory article entitled “Optimisation approach in multi-stop routing of small islands” has been prepared by Prof. Srećko Krile (University of Dubrovnik) and Editor-In-Chief of a sister journal, Nase More (Our Sea) – an internationally-renowned specialist in optimising logistics processes. This publication was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland from the fund devoted to popularising science: grant no. 790/P-DUN/2016. I am sure this article will be informative for all readers interested in the issues of increasing efficiency of transport operations at sea. The Marine Technology and Innovation section included articles dedicated to the wear and tear of machine components, security in the oil tanker industry and minimising fuel consumption as well as improving the quality of bunkering services. The Navigation and Maritime Transport section includes articles addressing models of ship traffic as a tool in manoeuvring processes, an attempt to analyse the reliability of navigational charts and a discussion on the performance of GNSS receivers. The Transportation Engineering section includes papers about marine transport engineering. This section provides information on the comprehensive method of formal safety assessment of ship manoeuvring in waterways, shows the use of simulation methods in defining further development of the approach channel to Ystad as well as analyses the efficiency of man overboard manoeuvres. The Miscellaneous section gathers articles addressing the relationship between educational systems and labour markets using an example of the Maritime Management curriculum, as well as an investigation of the underwater noise associated with remotely-operated vehicles. I would like to use this opportunity to encourage authors from all around the world to publish their findings in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. I also invite all readers to visit our new website http://scientific- journals.eu/readers, which contains online versions of the current issue as well as archival editions of the journal. Assoc. Prof. Leszek Chybowski Editor-in-Chief Szczecin, 15 June 2018

Paper presents characteristics of selected marine and traction engines governor test stands. Test stands manu-factured by Woodward Governor and Regulateurs Europa have been presented. State-of-art of modern speed governor test stands functionality has been shown

This article is an introduction to the analysis of human reliability in specific anthropotechnic systems, such as marine power plants. The human factor is discussed as one that is responsible for creating dangerous situations during the operation of offshore technical objects, mainly sea-going vessels. Besides, we indicate the place of a human being in marine technical systems, his specific qualities and interaction with the environment. Selected classifications of human errors are given as well as their particular causes. Then we present a model of an autonomous system referring to the human being, based on Mazur’s concept. Besides, potential fault nodes resulting from that model are specified. We show examples of quality and quantity models that are helpful in an analysis of the reliability of the human, an element of such technical systems as marine power plants. Final remarks include possible applications of mathematical models herein presented in analyses as well as some restrictions in the use of these models. Emphasis has been put on essential difficulties in utilizing simulators for the examination of the reliability of the human considered as the operator of a marine power plant. These difficulties are due to a variety of interactions within the system (the vessel) and relations with the external environment

Legal and economic aspects connected with generating electricity from waves are discussed and a classification of wave energy converters is shown. The study discusses selected technical solutions generating electricity from sea and ocean waves. Research directions of the Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland, are presented in terms of energy conversion from wave energy into electricity and using sea wave energy for coast protection against waves. The potential of waves as a renewable energy source (in Europe and outside) is evaluated and problems connected with implementing wave energy conversion systems are outlined. Increasing demand for energy in highly developed countries, depletion of accessible fossil fuels, ecological requirements on generation of renewable energy and political situation demanding independence and energy safety policies result in real search for new, effective methods of energy generation from renewable sources

The paper presents basic information about the prevention of explosions and fires in marine engines, with particular reference to explosions in the crankcase. It also discusses the possibility of using engine room simulators in educating marine officer engineers to prevent dangerous situations during actual marine diesel operation. Two scenarios have been shown that illustrate the developments in the case of improper operation of main bearings while the operation of an engine safety system is intact and there is lack/override/failure of safety systems. In scenario I the main engine shut down occurs and scenario II simulates an explosion in the crankcase.

With great pleasure we present the 43rd issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, a quarterly journal, which published original work on maritime-related topics such as improved safety and environmental protection. The Marine Engineering and Innovation section contains a series of articles about operational safety, minimization of energy consumption and modern control systems. The section entitled Navigation and Maritime Transport focuses on maritime SAR missions, collision avoidance and navigational safety improvements for maritime traffic. The Transportation Engineering section contains articles on ship operations in extreme conditions such as among ice floes, close to offshore wind farms and in pirate-infested waters. Readers who wish to send us any comments and suggestions concerning the development of our journal are welcome to do so any time. Authors are invited to submit original studies on a broad range of maritime- -related topics. To access the electronic version of the current and back issues please visit the journals website available at http://scientific-journals.eu/.

With great pleasure we present the 42nd issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin which publishes original work on maritime-related topics. The section entitled Marine Engineering and Innovation contains a series of articles dealing with deformation of engine components, improvement of flow efficiency and the reliability of buffered systems as well as power transmission and energy effectiveness. The section entitled Navigation and Maritime Transport focuses on nautical traffic models and contains case studies from the ports of Rotterdam, Szczecin – Świnoujście and Shenzen. Additionally, the issue contains papers on ship operational safety, expectations of human resources from an industry perspective, human and social factors affecting safety, and the operational running of the Archives of the Maritime University of Szczecin. Readers who wish to send us any comments and suggestions concerning the development of the journal are welcome to do so at any time. Authors are invited to submit original studies on a broad range of maritime- related topics. To access the electronic version of the current and back issues visit the journals website available at http://scientific-journals.eu/.

Dear readers As a newly nominated Editor-in-Chief of Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin I warmly welcome all of you. This new function is a great honour and distinction for me. Taking this opportunity I would like to thank the previous Editor in Chief Zbigniew Matuszak, DSc, PhD for his great contribution in the development and promotion of the magazine. Because of many other responsibilities Prof. Matuszak could not continue this duty. I wish to continue his work and improve the position of the Scientific Journals in national and global rankings as well as promote and disseminate the latest scientific achievements of the maritime sector, including those of the faculties of our university.

Dear readers, Welcome to issue 41 of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. The scope of our quarterly is concentrated around sea-related aspects. In this issue there are four papers devoted to an overview of solutions in terms of renewable energy, including sea wind farms, tidal and wave energy conversion, and three papers on ship propulsion systems modelling. You cannot miss a very interesting article in the area of marine traffic engineering which describes the port basin as a waterway system component. What is more, there are a few papers on selected aspects of tribology, marine traffic safety, cartography and seamen manning agency operation. As for readers – please do not hesitate to send us any comments and suggestions concerning the development of our magazine. All authors, on the other hand, are welcome to send their manuscripts. To access the electronic version of the current and back issues, I encourage all the interested to visit the website available at http://journals.am.szczecin.pl.

There is a need for specifying a sample size in statistical analysis of, among others, marine power plant events. Sample size is not required when the collected results are not processed with statistical tools, but only are used to present observed phenomena. This work points out some of the methods of sample size determination and drawing a sam-ple. The authors describe the drawing of a sample from an unknown set, from layers, multistage, systematic and in bundles. Remarks on costs of sampling and on proportions in a sample are also given.

Basic relations useful in the reduction of Boolean models of technical systems have been presented. Elementary logical gates used in a coherent fault tree and their pro-babilistic evaluations of them have been pointed out. AExample marine system (sea water cooling system) has been analyzed with the use of the presented methodology.

This paper presents basic information on the structure of diagnostic tests used for the assessment of the technical state of parts and groups of technical systems. The Bool-ean matrix method is also demonstrated. The construction of bond graphs and state equations, which can be tools for the assessment of technical condition of machines has been presented

Basic principles of the fault tree analysis are discussed in reference with the marine power plant. The basics of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fault tree are presented. Principal parameters being determined and the manner of their estimation by selected methods are given.

The power-propulsion system of a ship exploring seabed was used for a simulation of the unavailability of the system. The analysis was performed on the basis of a fault tree by the upper limit approximation and with the use of the accurate calculation algorithm.

Dear Readers, It is with great pleasure that I announce the latest, 44th issue of the quarterly Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. In this issue we have published articles related to the naval industry and transport engineering. I am convinced that you will find this issue both informative and enjoyable to read. The section on marine engineering contains original manuscripts on the analysis of modern vessel propulsion systems, research on single polymer polyester composites, new marine machinery solutions (improved accuracy of heeling angle measurement and steering gear performance) and selected topics within the field of ship design and thermal diagnostics. The navigation section contains articles on global navigations satellite systems and radar technology on merchant ships, optimization of sea routes, approximating container ship resistance characteristics, navigational equipment in the Northern Sea Route and safety issues on passenger vessels in the Baltic Sea. The transportation engineering section contains articles on improving the effectiveness and safety during transport, at ports and supply systems. Additionally, this issue also features articles examining the cause and effect analysis of ship fires, new radar systems on the Polish coast, crisis situation management and aspects of quality assessment. I warmly encourage all the readers to send us their thoughts and opinions on this issue. I also invite researchers to submit papers to be considered for publication by the Journal. In order to access the electronic version of this and previous issues please visit http://scientific-journals.eu/. Leszek Chybowski, PhD Editor-in-Chief

Dear Readers, It is with great pleasure that I announce the latest, 45th issue of the quarterly Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. The Journal has been published in the new format for over a year now. During this time, we have developed new publishing procedures, suitable for a modern journal, and directed towards providing open access to faciliate the sharing of peer-reviewed scientific results. We have also succeeded in improving the Journal's score in the official ranking published by the Ministry of Science and Higer Education of Poland, and our score in the Index Copernicus list. Further, the Journal has been indexed in InfoBase and the prestigious Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). All these activites have brought about an increasing interest in the Journal which is attributed to the joint effort of several individuals, including the staff of the Publishing House at the Maritime University of Szczecin, members of the Journal's Scientific Board, reviews, and consultants. As Editor-in-Chief, I would like to express my sincerest apprecation and thanks to all for their invaluable contribution.

Dear Readers, I am pleased to present the 46th issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. In this issue, the Journal focusses on the latest findings from the fields of transport engineering, marine navigation and marine technology. This issue includes articles related to the problems of transportation safety (chemical cargo carriers, LNG transportation), the latest research in the field of design and operation of marine machinery (including condition assessment of mud pumps for drillships, design of submersible autonomous vehicles and advances in maritime measuring techniques), as well as state-of-the-art solutions for maritime communication, navigation data processing and maritime positioning systems for vessels (Automatic Identification Systems, radar systems, and the Global Navigation Satellite System). We have also included a particularly interesting article entitled “On navigation as a scientific discipline” which summarizes the existing achievements in the field of navigation and describes the potential to classify navigation as an independent scientific discipline. I warmly invite authors to submit articles for consideration by the Journal and readers to send us their comments. In order to access an electronic version of the current issue and archived issues please visit http://scientific-journals.eu/.

The use of wave energy was studied at the Maritime University of Szczecin. The two main subjects were wave-energy conversion and using wave energy to protect the seashore against the hazardous effects of ex- treme waves. A construction of new technologies were outlined. Future research and intended cooperation were presented.

Dear Readers, It is our great pleasure to present the 47 th issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This edition features the latest findings and research in the area of transport engineering, mari- time navigation and marine engineering. Articles in the Marine Technology and Innovation section include studies on the influence of marine power plant damage on the environment, fire safety, diagnostics of technical structures, using simulations to analyse the functioning of ship boilers as well as numerical analyses of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ducted propellers. The Navigation and Maritime Transport section includes articles addressing the use of satellite navigation systems, dynamic optimisation of safe ship trajectory, state-of-the-art techniques and tools for processing navigation data as well as navigation in emission control area zones. The section entitled Transportation Engineering includes studies addressing inland transport, benefits of using liquefied natural gas fuel in the urban transport, concepts on the protection of the internal market in road transport in European Union countries. I would also like to take this opportunity to inform you that the Scientific Journals of the Maritime Uni- versity of Szczecin has been listed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) in the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection, which was launched in 2015. This demonstrates that our activity in the arena of scientific pub- lishing have been recognised by Thomson Reuters specialists. This is a great honour and an important mark of quality reflecting the efforts we have made to upgrade our quarterly journal. I wish to express my gratitude to the university authorities for their support as well as appreciation for the engagement of my colleagues, members of the scientific board and reviewers. We strongly encourage authors to submit their articles and readers to provide feedback. In order to access the online version of this issue along with archived editions please visit our website http://scientific-journals. eu/.

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to present the 48th issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This issue features recent findings from the fields of marine engineering, sea navigation as well as waterborne and land transportation. The Marine Technology and Innovation studies address fire safety, modelling the work of marine systems such as steam boilers and dynamic positioning systems, the use of liquid fuels and selected methods for constructing an ontology for automatic communication at sea. The Navigation and Marine Transport section contains articles focussed on the use of integrated marine navigation systems, optimising sea routes, analysing vessel domains and stochastic simulations for analysing the course of search and rescue missions at sea. The Transportation Engineering section contains studies examining inland waterway shipping, road infrastructure in the European Union as well as optimising parameters of port areas. The article discussing a theoretical framework for controlled pyrotechnical reactions as an energy source constituting a component for transportation from the sea bed deserves particular attention. I am also very pleased to announce that that our quarterly has been indexed by Global Impact Factor (GIF), an international database of scientific journals. The quality of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin has been assessed using an in-depth analysis method to provide a Global Impact and Quality Factor. The journal’s scores for the last for years are as follows: 2012 – 0.415; 2013 – 0.528; 2014 – 0.780; 2015 – 0.854. This clearly reflects the increasing quality and standard of the work published by the journal, indeed our scores have increased by 61.7% over the last 2 years. I strongly invite authors to submit their articles and encourage readers to provide feedback. Access to the online version of this issue and previous issues is available at http://scientific-journals.eu/. Leszek Chybowski, DSc PhD CRP Editor-in-Chief

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to present to you the 49th issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This issue contains the most current research findings from the fields of marine engineering, sea navigation and transport engineering. We have also included papers discussing the issue of mining safety, the use of new communication techniques as well as data mining models to predict ocean wave energy flux in the absence of wave recordings. The introductory article for this issue has been prepared by Professor Oliver Mayer, Senior Principal Engineer at General Electric Global Research. The article is devoted to the concept of using TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problems Solving) tools, especially the innovative application of trimming for rationalising electrical networks. Its publication has been financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education from a fund dedicated to the promotion of science. It is our expectation that this resource will be both interesting and useful for those searching for state-of-the-art methods of developing technical systems. The Marine Technology and Innovation section features articles on marine hydromechanics, dual-fuel engines, and selected aspects of vessel automation. The Navigation section contains articles on a mobile navigation system, concepts related to the intact stability of a bulk carrier, and control procedures for merchant vessel course indicators. The Transportation Engineering section contains articles on inland transportation, and experimental verification of the concept of using controlled pyrotechnic reactions as a source of energy as a part of the transport system from the seabed. We strongly encourage authors to submit their articles, and readers are more than welcome to forward their remarks. To access an online version of the current issue as well as archival volumes, please visit our website http://scientific-journals.eu/. Leszek Chybowski, DSc PhD CRP Editor-in-Chief

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to present to the new issue 50 (122) of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime Academy in Szczecin. This publication contains the most recent research results on marine engineering, energy, navigation and transport engineering. The introductory article in this issue has been prepared by Dr Floris Goerlandt, a researcher from Aalto University, Helsinki. It focusses on modelling oil spill scenarios from tanker collision accidents in the Northern Baltic Sea. This publication has been financed from the funds for activities of promoting science: grant No. 790/P-DUN/2016 of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. It is my expectation that this material will be attractive to all readers interested in the issues of security in marine transport and minimising the results of ecological disasters. The Marine Technology and Innovation section contains papers on infrared cameras used in detecting sources of fire on ships, estimating oil consumption based on ship service parameters in real weather conditions, and on the effect of the angle of attack on the generated water wave propagation. The Navigation oriented section includes papers on the concepts of route prediction for a person drifting in water, analyses of vessels traffic flow on a waterway bend as well as radiocommunication and detection of spoofing using differential GNSS. The Transportation Engineering section contains articles addressing inland transport, operation of a sea port and vehicle safety. To access the electronic version of the current issue or archival volumes, please visit our website http://scientific-journals.eu/. You will also be able to access all papers published by the Scientific Journals from 1973. The digitalisation and sharing of archival issues has been financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from the fund (above) for activities associated with the promotion of science. I strongly encourage and invite authors to submit their work and readers to forward their comments to the journal.

The paper presents the application of cost-based, component-importance measures for complex technical systems. A stern tube sealing system installed on a sea vessel was used as an example of a complex technical system. Selected statistics of a ship’s operation losses were calculated. Selected, known-importance measures were presented and the authors’ own approach to cost-based, component-importance analysis was shown. The following measures were discussed: the operation-interruption cost index, the maintenance potential, the simulation- based maintenance index, and maintenance and operational costs. A description of factors influencing the importance of the technical system components was provided.

The Miniature Dwarfs method is one of the tools used by the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) used in the process of modelling and seeking solutions to conflicting situations. This article describes the origin of the Miniature Dwarfs method. The process flow of the usage of the Miniature Dwarfs method was presented both in its original version, suggested by Altshuller, as well as in its recently modified version. The usage of the Miniature Dwarfs method was presented here to minimize the marine hull resistance of a passenger ship in the conflicting situation, where there is a simultaneous necessity to provide both large ship capacity as well as high speed. The issue and the conflicting situation were both presented and modelled. The Operational zone and Operational time were described and modelled with the use of the Miniature Dwarfs method before and during the Conflict, and the desired situation. The search of the potential solutions was carried out with the use of miniature dwarfs; the findings were interpreted with respect to the system under analysis and the stated technical issues. Imagined situations described in individual diagrams are included in the issue under investigation. Selected solutions to the problem were presented. The advantages of the method were indicated and presented as an addition to other methods used in the process of designing new engineering solutions.

It is my great pleasure to introduce the latest issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin number 51 (123). Taking advantage of this opportunity, I would like to share with you some news about the journal. Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin have set sail to wide international waters thanks to the Web of Science Core Collection – a database in which they have been indexed since July this year. Until 2014, articles published on the pages of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin (SJ) were indexed in bibliometric databases such as BazTech, EBSCO, Google Scholar and Index Copernicus. In recent months, the journal has been registered in new bases (Chybowski, 2016b), which resulted from the inclusion of SJ in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) last October. This database is a part of the prestigious Web of Science platform (Chybowski, 2016a). A calendar of the major events related to the activities of SJ, from January 2015 is shown in Table 1.

Selected issues of component importance analysis for complex technical systems have been presented in this paper. A generic example of a complex technical system and selected statistics of operating losses have been described. A description and diagrams of both qualitative and quantitative importance analysis have also been included. The most significant problems facing complex technical system modelling have been pointed out. A multi-criteria system component importance analysis and the basic criteria for a system component quality evaluation have also been introduced. Some factors influencing the importance of the technical system’s components have also been described. Finally, the necessity of further developing importance analysis methods for machinery operation has been highlighted.

Dear Readers, It is my great pleasure to introduce the latest 52(124) issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. The current issue contains results of the latest research in marine engineering, sea navigation and transport engineering. The introductory article entitled “Structural analysis for ships in arctic conditions” was prepared by Prof. Ehlers Sören – head of the Institute for Ship Structural Design and Analysis at Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) and adjunct professor at NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He is an international expert in the field of sustainable Arctic Sea transport. This article summarises regulatory aspects of ship design for ice-covered waters, focusing on structural compliance and design ice-load determination. The publication was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland from funds for science popularising activities: grant No. 790/P-DUN/2016. I hope that this articles is informative to all readers interested in effective and safe navigation in the Arctic regions. In the Marine Technology and Innovation section, we have included articles on the use of composite materials, computer simulations of deformations and tensions in the pipelines of hydraulic lifting systems and constraints in allocation of thrusters in DP simulator. The Navigation section includes articles related to collision avoidance at sea and the use of logical devices to process the nautical data. In addition, this section addresses issues of planning autonomous passage of vessels, two-dimensional coordinate estimation and the analysis of the LNG tanker Al Nuaman’s speeds during its first voyage to the LNG terminal in Świnoujście (route sections Arkona–Świnoujście–Arkona). The section devoted to Transport and Engineering includes articles on the use of graph theory in modeling transport networks and the definition of inland vessel position using a single stationary non-metric camera. Other topics included are the ability to test shipboard AIS instability and the inaccuracy on simulation devices, the radiooperator decision support system model and the helmet-mounted system of assisting a helicopter pilot during SAR operations. In addition, the Miscellaneous section includes reviews on the achievements of component importance analysis for complex technical systems, GPS/GNSS Spoofing and a Real-Time Single-Antenna-Based Spoofing Detection System, a method for determining landslides risks using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) created by Unmanned Aerial Systems with hydrogeological data connection, and also an extended discussion on the susceptibility of the roll equation to the bifurcation phenomenon. I would like to take this opportunity to inform our readers that the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin quarterly has been indexed in the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection Emerging Sources Citation Index Backfile (ESCI Backfile), which is an ESCI database archive in which our Scientific Journals were included last year (Chybowski, 2017). The ESCI Backfile archives list articles published in the period of 2005-2014. Another grand success of our quarterly is the third place in the “Top 25 Polish ESCI Journals by number of documents” rating with 727 indexed documents. It was announced in the proceedings of the November training conducted by the company Clarivate Analytics – the owner of the Web of ScienceTM platform (Kapczyński, 2017). In addition to the high and constantly upgraded quality of the journal, this success is due primarily to the accurate data structure as well as improved mechanisms used in the repository of scientific articles for online magazines developed in 2015 by the Maritime University in Szczecin. To access the online version of the current and archival issues of the journal (starting with the first issue published in 1973) please 6 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 52 (124) visit our website at http://scientific-journals.eu/. The digitisation and sharing archival versions of all publications was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland from the previously listed funds for science popularising activities. Moreover, I would like to inform you that, in accordance with official information obtained from the Scientific Journals Assessment Unit of the Index Copernicus International dated 17 November 2017, the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University in Szczecin were assessed in terms of publication quality and received the result of 90.35 expressed by means of the ICV 2016 indicator (Index Copernicus International, 2017). For comparison, in the previous three years the ratings were respectively: in 2014 the ICV 2013 indicator = 6.16 (64.38 under the new methodology), in 2015 the ICV 2014 indicator = 7.76 (79.38 under the new methodology), in 2016 the ICV 2015 indicator = 87.49. So in the above-mentioned period the index has increased by 42.5%. It should be emphasised at this point that the continuous improvement of the publication quality of our journal is a result of the hard work of the Editorial Board, members of the Scientific Committee and reviewers as well as the policies of the current and previous authorities of the University that have supported the development of the quarterly. I am deeply grateful to all the people involved. I strongly encourage the authors to submit their work and readers to provide us with your comments. References 1. Chybowski L. (2017) Editorial preface. Scientific Journals Of The Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 51 (123), pp. 5–6, doi: 10.17402/224. 2. Index Copernicus International (2017) ICI Journals Master List / Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie. Available from: https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=4059 [Accessed: December 11, 2017] 3. Kapczyński M. (2017) Emerging Sources Citation Index Backfile. Expanding the depth of your research. Claritive Analytics, 29 Nov 2017, p. 29. dr hab. inż. Leszek Chybowski, Associate Professor Editor-in-Chief

Dear Readers, I am very pleased to introduce the new 53(125) issue of the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. Another year of activity on the publishing market is behind us. In 2017, the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin published as many as 61 scientific papers: 15 in issue 49(121), 13 in issue 50(122), 14 in issue 51(123) and 19 in issue 52(124). The scientific articles published in 2017 were prepared by 105 authors (in total, without repetitions). The percentage of Polish researchers in this group was 77.1% out of 61 publications. Internationally, the greatest contribution was from academics affiliated to Croatian institutes – 6 authors (5.7% of the total number of authors) and Iranian institutes – 7 authors (6.6% of the total number of authors), followed by Germany – 4 authors, Australia – 3 authors, Sweden – 2 authors and Finland and the Netherlands – 1 author each. The current issue of the journal includes recent findings on shipbuilding, water transport, navigation and marine traffic engineering. The introductory paper for this issue entitled “Predicting the shipping market by spreads of timecharter rates” has been prepared by Prof. Tsz Leung Yip – Deputy Director at the C.Y. Tung International Centre for Maritime Studies, lecturer at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and a world-class specialist in logistics and marine transport. This article explores the predictability of spreads between long-term and short-term timecharter rates on spot freight rates. This publication has been financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland from the funds devoted to science-popularising activity: grant No. 790/P-DUN/2016. I hope that this material will prove informative to all readers interested in the issues of marine transport. The Marine Technology and Innovation section includes papers on remote and unmanned navigation of vessels, equipment facilitating SAR actions as well as using state-of-the-art models in reliability analysis and ship design. The section devoted to Navigation and Maritime Transport includes articles on exploitation aspects of using magnetic compasses, ship steering Nomoto model and ship traffic models application. The Transport Engineering section is devoted to inland transportation and marine traffic engineering. Moreover, it discusses the quantitative analysis of the impact of fishing ships’ traffic streams on traffic streams of merchant vessels in the Polish maritime areas. The section entitled Miscellaneous includes articles investigating the analysis of parameters influencing the suitability of the surface unit for search and rescue operation at sea as well as impact of Liquefied Natural Gas terminal on gas distribution and bunkering network in Poland. I would like to take this opportunity to encourage authors from all over the world to publish their research in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. All readers are invited to visit our website, which now has a more intuitive layout. Under the http://scientific-journals.eu/ address it is possible to access the online version of the current issue as well as archival ones.

Dear Readers, I am pleased to present the latest 55(127) issue of the Scientific Journal of the Maritime University in Szczecin. In the current issue, we publish the results of the latest research from the fields of marine engineering, transport and logistics, navigation, and career development within the maritime industry. The introductory article is entitled “TRIZ: Theory of Solving Inventive Problems to support engineering innovation in maritime industry”. It is written by a world-class specialist in innovation development – Valeri Souchkov, lecturer at the University of Twente (Enschede, The Netherlands) and lecturer in the TIAS Business School (Tilburg, the Netherlands). He is a Founding Member and of ETRIA (the European TRIZ Association), and head of ICG Training & Consulting (Enschede, the Netherlands). The paper presents selected issues relating to the utilisation of TRIZ methodology in solving novel problems in the marine industry. The publication was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland, from funds for science-promoting activities: grant no 790/P-DUN/2016. I hope that the interdisciplinary nature of this material will make it attractive to all our readers. In the Marine Technology and Innovation section we have included articles devoted to the analysis of hydrodynamic performance of Horizontal Axis Tidal Stream Turbines, a comparative analysis on class inspections of ship mechanisms, and the experience in the operation of marine engines running on gas. The Navigation and Maritime Transport section contains articles regarding the navigation safety in the entry area of the Świnoujście port, and the accuracy of bathymetric data in the electronic navigational charts. Papers regarding urban transport and optimisation of logistics processes are presented in the Transport Engineering section. In Miscellaneous section, the decision-making process concerning a career path in the maritime industry is given. To solve this decision, a model based on a hierarchical decision-making process (AHP) and fuzzy logic was applied. I would like to take this opportunity to encourage authors from around the world to publish their research results in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. All readers are invited to visit our new website, with its new visual form. This link http://scientific-journals.eu/ will grant you access to electronic versions of the current and archival issues of this journal. Assoc. Prof. Leszek Chybowski Editor-in-Chief Szczecin, 15.09.2018

It is my great honour to introduce the latest 56 (128) issue of Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. The current issues contains the latest research in the field of marine technology, transport and logistics. The introductory paper entitled “Practical approach to calculating the hydrodynamic oscillating loads of a ship propeller under non-uniform wake field” has been written by the world-class expert in fluid mechanics, Prof. Hassan Ghassemi, professor of marine engineering at the Amirkabir University of Technology. The article presents selected issues related to hydrodynamic modelling of screw propellers. The publication was prepared in connection with our implementation of the project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland from the fund for science-popularising activities (grant No. 790/P-DUN/2016). The author’s remuneration and costs of publication were covered by the Rector of the Maritime University of Szczecin from funds for international cooperation. I hope that the relevance of the publication will contribute to its attractiveness to all readers interested in optimising the vessel power systems. The Marine Technology and Innovation section gathers articles devoted to the studies of austenitic-ferritic steel on cavitation erosion, modelling of brass/steel ingot structures, determining the properties of composites with glass-recycled polyester additives and assessing the quality of welding. In the section on Navigation and Maritime Transport, articles are devoted to communication using the R-Mode receiver for medium frequency signals and analysing the fairway capacity impacted by LNG carrier transit. The Transport Engineering section includes articles on marine emergency management digital platforms and analysing the risk of operating fishing vessels with regard to the possibility of damaging underwater cables. We are almost at the end of another publishing year which bears the fruit of higher bibliometric indices, denoting the increasing quality of the quarterly. The annual journal citation chart in the Web of Science Core Collection presented in Figure 1 indicates a growing recognition of research results published in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. According to Web of Science statistics for 1132 articles indexed in the Core Collection database, the average citation of each article is 0.45. This is a very good result, bearing in mind that out of the 507 citations, 388 (76%) citations have been generated from January 1, 2015 (as of 05.12.2018). In addition, it is worth emphasising that on September 25 we received a message from the Scientific Journals Evaluation Team of the Index Copernicus International saying that – based on the information submitted in our journal’s questionnaire – Index Copernicus experts have calculated the Index Copernicus Value (ICV) for 2017: ICV 1017 = 100.00. The ICV for 2017 is shown on the full list of indexed journals at the ICI Journals Master List 2017. The values of the indicator from the previous three years were respectively ICV 2014 = 79.38, ICV 2015 = 87.49 and ICV 2016 = 90.35 (Journals Master List, 2018). The above indicators show that the quarterly is constantly improving its prestige (Chybowski 2016a; 2016b; 2017). I can also say with full confidence that during the four years of my duties as editor-in-chief the assumptions that I set and promised to fulfil to the former Rector of the Maritime University of Szczecin, Prof. Stanisław Gucma – to whom I am grateful for the trust granted to me then, have been achieved. I would like to express my thanks to the authors – we would not be publishing without their contribution and could not achieve such high and constantly rising bibliometric indicators. Moreover, I would like to highlight that the constant improvement of our journal’s publishing quality is a result of hard work of the editorial team, members of the Scientific Board, reviewers and university authorities through their policy supporting the development of our quarterly. I would like to thank all of those persons. I believe that our journal is on the right track to joining the group of publications included in the Journal Citation Reports and being finally noted in the Impact Factor® Index, which is a realistic goal for the next 2–5 years with the right strategy. I would like to use this opportunity to encourage authors from all over the world to publish the results of their research in the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. All readers are welcome to visit our refreshed website. Going to http://scientific-journals.eu/ grants access to the electronic version of the current issue and archival volumes of the journal.

Retraction of: Kałkowska E. (2016) The role of stray currents in the evolution of damage in transport systems. Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, 48 (120), 134–137, 10.17402/186 (http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/bitstream/handle/123456789/2343/18-zn-am-48- 120-ka-kowska.pdf?sequence=1) The data published in this paper, as well as Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 2 and the associated text were taken from the Master’s thesis of Ms. Anna Pawłowska supervised by Prof. Jarosław Chmiel of the Faculty of Engineering and Economics of Transport, the Maritime University of Szczecin. Ms. Kałkowska submitted her paper to the Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin on the 29th of April 2016, and failed to refer to the M.Sc. thesis where she took the figures and table from. The research results presented by Ms. Kałkowska were generated by means of the DASYLab software in March 2016 by Ms. Pawłowska in the Faculty’s Lab (Laboratory of Wear Processes), access to this is only granted for authorised personnel, and Ms. Kałkowska was not authorised. This fact was confirmed by the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Economics of Transport on the 9th of January 2019. Taking into account the principles of ethics regarding plagiarism and the uncertainty about the completeness of the list of references, the Editorial Board of the Maritime University of Szczecin has decided to retract Ms. Kałkowska’s paper.

Dear Readers, With issue 57 (129), I have to say goodbye to you and my role as the Editor-In-Chief of the journal. On the 1st of February 2019, the Rector entrusted me with a new mission and asked me to oversee the entire publishing house of the University as its Head and Editor-In-Chief. I would like to express my gratitude for the trust placed in me by the University’s authorities. I would also like to thank the outgoing Editor-In-Chief of MUS Press, Prof. Bernard Wiśniewski, who has devoted several decades to MUS Press. During the last four years, I have managed to successfully complete many tasks, such as gaining sponsors and external funding from the Ministry of Science, establishing a recognised and international Scientific Board for the journal, designing and implementing detailed publication procedures in accordance with COPE regulations, designing and implementing an editorial system, designing and implementing an online journal repository with complete publications, modernising and uploading content to the journal’s website, gaining numerous renowned authors from around the world and introducing the quarterly to over a dozen indexes and bibliometric databases, such as Web of Science, DOAJ and InfoBase Index. All of those activities resulted in a continuous improvement in citability and other bibliometric indicators (Chybowski, 2018). I would like to use this opportunity to thank the members of the Scientific Board, the reviewers and the members of the editorial team for their cooperation and their efficient completion of the tasks related to the publication process. The time I spent as Editor-In-Chief taught me a lot about successful teamwork and shaping interpersonal relations. As of the 1st of February 2019, the role of Editor-In-Chief will be assumed by Dr Robert Jasionowski – Assistant Professor at the Institute of Basic Technical Sciences of the Maritime University of Szczecin. I am very happy that the mission relating to the further improvement of the journal’s ratings has been entrusted to this ambitious man. I sincerely hope that the new Editor-In-Chief will continue my quest of introducing the quarterly to the JCR database and gaining IF points. To achieve those goals, it is crucial to attract more international authors and continuously increase the citability of the published articles. I wish the new Editor-In-Chief all success in constantly improving the ranking of the Scientific Journals in peer-reviewed journal rankings and hope that the readers will continue to enjoy reading our quarterly publication.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a query aimed at assessing the validity of the topic of crankcase explosions prevention in the main marine engines. The study takes into account the engine type, engine manufacturer, ship’s age, accident severity, ship’s location at the time of the incident, and the share of fatal accidents in the analyzed population of crankcase explosions. One of the primary hazards associated with offshore and deep-sea ship operations – and primarily ship power plants – are fires and explosions that result in accidents and incidents with an average frequency of 60 days. This paper discusses the actuality of crankcase explosion hazards in the main propulsion engines of various types of sea vessels. The assessment was made based on the results of a statistical analysis of historical data from 1972 to 2018. The methodology consisted of three stages: (1) a selection query to obtain the source data, (2) analysis of the obtained results (data separation, extraction of additional information, and statistical analysis), (3) synthesis of the obtained information, and drawing conclusions about the numerical indicators describing the statistical distribution of individual events for the given evaluation criteria. The analysis showed that the risk of crankcase explosions affects ships of all ages – both in crosshead (31%) and trunk piston engines (61%) – and that the number of serious incidents (67%) remained constant over the investigated period. Half of all incidents occurred on vessels younger than 15 years old. 58% of explosions took place in engines of the most popular prime movers manufacturers. The probability that a main engine crankcase explosion will result in injury or death is 17.34%.

This article aims to compile, describe and compare three different models taken from the literature describing the causes of explosions in the crankcases of marine engines. Each of the models has a different level of detail and was prepared with a different purpose. However, the same process, explosions in crankcases, was analyzed in all cases. A statistical evaluation of the frequency of events leading to explosions, a model built using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and a model based on fault tree analysis (FTA) are described in turn. The FTA model drawn from the literature formed the basis for further analysis. Values of important measures of all elementary events of the fault tree were calculated using the Birnbaum reliability measure, Vesely-Fussell measure, Birnbaum structural measure, criticality measure and improvement potential. The percentage importance values of all events determined using these importance measures were compared. The results obtained from the application of each model were evaluated. The results of the models were compared with each other, and an approach using all three models supplemented with diversion analysis was proposed.